Translation and Initial Validation of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in Ilokano

Screening psychological symptoms in Filipino university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Translation and structural validation of the Filipino version of the DASS‐21

“…For example, the three‐factor solution of the DASS‐21 was observed in English‐speaking nations like the US (Sinclair et al, 2012) and Australia (Mellor et al, 2015). The three‐factor model was also confirmed in the translated versions of the DASS‐21 in non‐English speaking nations such as Brazil (Vignola & Tucci, 2014), China (Wang et al, 2016), Malaysia, Chile (Mellor et al, 2015), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore, and Taiwan (e.g., Oei et al, 2014), and in Ilokano (Bengwasan et al, 2022). Taken together, the modified three‐factor model verified in DASS‐21 Filipino supports the conceptualization of three related but independent negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress proposed in the original study (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995).…”

“…To minimize linguistic and cultural biases when used in non‐English speaking samples, the DASS‐21 has been translated into several languages. Translations in non‐English speaking countries confirmed the original three‐factor structure proposed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995), like in Portuguese using Brazilian sample (Vignola & Tucci, 2014), Spanish with Chilean (Mellor et al, 2015), and Hispanic samples in the United States (Daza et al, 2002), Bahasa with Malaysian students sample, Chinese among secondary and college students in China (Mellor et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2016), and recently in Ilokano, one of the major Philippine languages (Bengwasan et al, 2022). On the other hand, the one‐factor model representing a unidimensional structure of the translated DASS‐21 was found among rural women in Vietnam (Tran et al, 2013) and the Brazilian population with chronic pain (Sardá et al, 2008).…”

Construct validity and Reliability of Amharic version of DASS-21 scale among Ethiopian Defense University College of Health Science Students

“…Values of CFI and TLI ≥ 0.90, and RMSEA ≤ 0.08 can support acceptable model t. Stata version 18 were used to conduct CFA. [5,26] Result Demographic characteristics of respondents Among 435 undergraduate students who participated in the study, 246(56.6%) were the age of 18-25 year and majority 663 (87.4%) were males. Regarding their year of study; 200 (46.0%), 74(17.0%), 107(24.6%), 52(12.0%) and 2(0.5%) of the participants were rst year, second year, third year, fourth year and fth year students, respectively.…”

“…[4] Validity refers to the extent to which test measures what it is intended to measure. [5] In the case of the DASS, studies have found strong evidence of its validity. Numerous studies have shown that the DASS has good convergent validity, meaning it correlates strongly with other established measures of depression, anxiety, and stress.…”