“…Proteomic analysis is considered as a promising strategy to get a global view of complex biological processes, taking advantage of high-throughput profiling ( Cui et al, 2022 ) and extensive dynamic ranges ( Canterbury et al, 2008 ). Recently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based proteomics have been utilized for investigating biomarkers in various biological samples, such as extracellular vesicles ( Wu et al, 2023 ), biological tissues ( Li et al, 2022 ), serum ( Zhang et al, 2022 ), and paraffin-embedded tissues ( Cai et al, 2022 ), indicating wide clinical applications regarding cancers and diseases. Rapidly developed proteomic technology provides a more precise and more comprehensive insight into virus or bacterial infections ( Grossegesse et al, 2020 ).…”