Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: An Update Review and Perspective

Chen, Yiwu; Zhang, Yuan‐Zhu; Wang, Xi; Jing, Zhou; Ma, Lerong; Li, Jianing; Yang, Lin; Ouyang, Hongsheng; Yuan, Hongming; Pang, Daxin

doi:10.3390/v15020359

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Notably, the sensitivity (94.4%) and specificity (92.6%) of the COE-iELISA are significantly higher than that of the indirect ELISA established by Liu et al (sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 90.1%) [40]. With the continuous development of vaccines in recent years, the prevalence of TGEV and its variant PRCV in diarrhea pigs in China is very low [41], and the detection rate in clinical samples is approximately <3% [42], making it less easy to obtain positive serum samples. A previous study tested a total of 2987 clinical samples from five provinces in southern China from 2012 to 2018, and the results indicated that the rate of mono-infection of TGEV in samples tested was just 0.33% (10/2987) [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Yang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a severe contagious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which leads to high mortality in piglets. In this study, by analyzing a total of 53 full-length spike genes and COE domain regions of PEDVs, the conserved COE fragment of the spike protein from the dominant strain SC1402 was chosen as the target protein and expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). Furthermore, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on the recombinant COE protein was developed for the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in pig sera. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the cut-off value of COE-based indirect ELISA (COE-iELISA) was determined to be 0.12. Taking the serum neutralization test as standard, the relative sensitivity of the COE-iELISA was 94.4% and specificity 92.6%. Meanwhile, no cross-reactivity to other porcine pathogens was noted with this assay. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 7%. Moreover, 164 vaccinated serum samples test showed that overall agreement between COE-iELISA and the actual diagnosis result was up to 99.4%. More importantly, the developed iELISA exhibited a 95.08% agreement rate with the commercial ELISA kit (Kappa value = 0.88), which suggested that the expressed COE protein was an effective antigen in serologic tests and the established COE-iELISA is reliable for monitoring PEDV infection in pigs or vaccine effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Yang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Much like their human counterparts, animal CoVs have a genome consisting of a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA of approximately 22,000 to 36,000 nucleotides, with a 5′-cap structure and a 3′-polyadenylated tail [ 115 ]. They have a genome structure that comprises two open reading frames (ORFs) located in the 5′-proximal two-thirds of the genome [ 35 , 38 , 116 ]. These ORFs, known as ORF1a and ORF1b, encode the replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab [ 117 ], as shown in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Genomic Structure Of Animal Covs and Function Of Their Relat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Si,

Yu,

Dong

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large class of positively stranded RNA viruses that pose a significant threat to public health, livestock farming, and wild animals. These viruses have the ability to cross species barriers and cause devastating epidemics. Animals are considered to be intermediate hosts for many coronaviruses, and many animal coronaviruses also have the potential for cross-species transmission to humans. Therefore, controlling the epidemic transmission of animal coronaviruses is of great importance to human health. Vaccination programs have proven to be effective in controlling coronaviruses infections, offering a cost-effective approach to reducing morbidity and mortality, so the re-emergence of lethal coronaviruses emphasizes the urgent need for the development of effective vaccines. In this regard, we explore the progress in animal coronavirus vaccine development, covering the latest taxonomy of the main animal coronaviruses, spillover events, diverse vaccine development platforms, potential main targets for animal coronavirus vaccine development, and primary challenges facing animal coronavirus vaccines. We emphasize the urgent need to create a “dual-effect” vaccine capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses. The goal is to highlight the contributions of veterinary scientists in this field and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between the veterinary and medical communities. By promoting communication and cooperation, we can enhance the development of novel and super vaccines to combat human and animal coronavirus infections in the future.

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“…Another member of the alphacoronavirus subfamily, closely related to PEDV, is TGEV. It is one of the major infectious agents responsible for the enteritis and severe diarrhea observed in swine, with its mortality rates reaching 100% in the piglet population [78]. As a coronavirus, it contains a single-stranded genomic RNA with a size of 28.5 Kb approximately, encoding sixteen NSPs, four structural (S, M, N, and E), and three accessory (ORF3a, ORF3b, and ORF7) proteins [79].…”

Section: Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (Tgev)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection

Keramidas,

Pitou,

Papachristou

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Coronaviruses represent a significant class of viruses that affect both animals and humans. Their replication cycle is strongly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which, upon virus invasion, triggers ER stress responses. The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) within infected cells is performed from three transmembrane receptors, IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, and results in a reduction in protein production, a boost in the ER’s ability to fold proteins properly, and the initiation of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to remove misfolded or unfolded proteins. However, in cases of prolonged and severe ER stress, the UPR can also instigate apoptotic cell death and inflammation. Herein, we discuss the ER-triggered host responses after coronavirus infection, as well as the pharmaceutical targeting of the UPR as a potential antiviral strategy.

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Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: An Update Review and Perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 175 publications

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection

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