Transmission of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum vernei to the cultivated potato

Gelder, W.M.J. van; Scheffer, J. J. C.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)84118-c

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The higher coefficient of variation (CV%) for GA levels among samples of Magnum Bonum than among other varieties found in the present investigation indicates a higher susceptibility of this variety towards environmental factors. A positive correlation between average GA content and CV% among different varieties has recently been demonstrated (Gelder 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The evidence was, however, only circumstantial and none of the cases were subjected to a proper medical examination. The clinical symptoms described in the literature in connection with numerous outbreaks of suspected GA poisoning in humans typically include gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain), often in combination with neurological symptoms (eg drowsiness and apathy, confusion, weakness and disturbances of vision, sometimes followed by unconsciousness) and circulatory and respiratory disturbances (McMillan and Thompson 1979;Gelder 1991). The potatoes associated with these outbreaks were reported to have contained GA concentrations between 230 and 790 mg kg-'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established swedish potato variety magnum bonum

et al. 1995

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In 1986, potentially toxic levels of the glycoalkaloids a-solanine and a-chaconine were unexpectedly found in tubers of the established Swedish consumer potato variety Magnum Bonum, leading to the imposition of a conditional sales ban on such potatoes. The combined amounts of a-solanine and a-chaconine in more than 300 commercial lots of Magnum Bonum potatoes analysed as a consequence of the ban ranged from 61 to 665 mg kg-' fresh weight with an average of 254 mg kg-'. Sixty-six percent of the samples exceeded a temporary maximum residue limit of 200 mg kg-', 8% were above 400 mg kg-'. Peeling did not significantly remove the glycoalkaloids in tubers with a high content. The occasional glycoalkaloid elevation was initially attributed to the unusually cold and rainy conditions during the late part of the season in 1986, but subsequent investigations have failed to confirm this hypothesis. Varietal characteristics are likely to have been involved since most other common Swedish varieties seemed to have had normal glycoalkaloid levels in 1986. There were no indications of serious or widespread adverse health effects in consumers due to the high glycoalkaloid levels, although there was circumstantial evidence that a few cases of temporary gastrointestinal disturbances were caused by consumption of Magnum Bonum potatoes with glycoalkaloid concentrations in the range 310-1000 mg kg-'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established swedish potato variety magnum bonum

et al. 1995

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“…The use of wild germplasm in potato breeding is extensive and the transmission of unusual SGAs or high total SGA varies with the species used for trait introgression (Väänänen et al , 2006van Gelder and Scheffer 1991). Various studies have been done to understand the occurrence and inheritance of specific SGAs in wild species and their transmission to cultivated germplasm (Gregory et al 1980(Gregory et al , 1981.…”

Section: Genetic Manipulation Of Sgasmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Interspecific hybrids may produce SGAs that do not occur in either parental genotype (Maga 1980;Sinden et al 1984;Laurila et al 1996). One reassurance is that SGAs in progenies of crosses with wild germplasm will diminish after repeated backcrossing (van Gelder and Scheffer 1991).…”

Section: Genetic Manipulation Of Sgasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Biosynthesis and Genetic Manipulation

2008

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The potato steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are important components of plant resistance against pests and pathogens but can be toxic to humans at high levels. SGAs derive their toxicity from anticholinesterase activity affecting the central nervous system and the disruptive effects on cell membrane integrity affecting the digestive system and other organs. Accordingly, current safety regulations limit their content in the edible tuber to 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight. SGA composition and level are genetically determined, with unfavourable growth conditions and inappropriate postharvest management inducing the accumulation of SGAs at levels in the tubers of "safe" cultivars beyond the maximum level set by the industry. Hence, genetic alteration of potato to prevent toxic levels of SGAs in tubers is highly desirable. At the same time, maintaining high SGA levels in other plant organs will contribute to plant resistance against pathogen and pest attacks. To this end, SGA biosynthesis and degradation should be manipulated precisely to exploit tissue-specific expression rather than whole-plant suppression of SGA production, to produce potato cultivars with SGA content enriched in the foliage but diminished in the edible tubers. Only a few details are known about the SGA biosynthetic pathway, its genes and intermediates. Research on factors that regulate SGA biosynthesis and catabolism as well as searches for genetic markers linked to total and specific SGA levels have only recently been pursued. The present review summarizes current data on these issues to encourage further discussion on SGA manipulation for safer food products.

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“…In this context, it should be noted that the occurrence of unintended effects is not unique to the application of recombinant DNA techniques. It is an inherent and general phenomenon that occurs frequently in traditional breeding, for example, due to hybridization (potato breeding lines with novel, toxic glycoalkaloids 38 ), natural genetic recombination, natural chromosomal rearrangements (translocations and inversions), activity of transposable elements in plant genomes, cell fusion, or chemical and radiation induced mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics as a Complementary Tool for Identifying Unintended Side Effects Occurring in Transgenic Maize Seeds As a Result of Genetic Modifications

et al. 2008

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To improve the probability of detecting unintended side effects during maize gene manipulations by bombardment, proteomics was used as an analytical tool complementary to the existing safety assessment techniques. Since seed proteome is highly dynamic, depending on the species variability and environmental influence, we analyzed the proteomic profiles of one transgenic maize variety (event MON 810) in two subsequent generations (T05 and T06) with their respective isogenic controls (WT05 and WT06). Thus, by comparing the proteomic profiles of WT05 with WT06 we could determine the environmental effects, while the comparison between WT06 and T06 seeds from plants grown under controlled conditions enabled us to investigate the effects of DNA manipulation. Finally, by comparison of T05 with T06 seed proteomes, it was possible to get some indications about similarities and differences between the adaptations of transgenic and isogenic plants to the same strictly controlled growth environment. Approximately 100 total proteins resulted differentially modulated in the expression level as a consequence of the environmental influence (WT06 vs WT05), whereas 43 proteins resulted up-or down-regulated in transgenic seeds with respect to their controls (T06 vs WT06), which could be specifically related to the insertion of a single gene into a maize genome by particle bombardment. Transgenic seeds responded differentially to the same environment as compared to their respective isogenic controls, as a result of the genome rearrangement derived from gene insertion. To conclude, an exhaustive differential proteomic analysis allows to determine similarities and differences between traditional food and new products (substantial equivalence), and a case-by-case assessment of the new food should be carried out in order to have a wide knowledge of its features.

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Transmission of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum vernei to the cultivated potato

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established swedish potato variety magnum bonum

High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established swedish potato variety magnum bonum

Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Biosynthesis and Genetic Manipulation

Proteomics as a Complementary Tool for Identifying Unintended Side Effects Occurring in Transgenic Maize Seeds As a Result of Genetic Modifications

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