Transparent, conformable, active multielectrode array using organic electrochemical transistors

Lee, Wonryung; Kim, Dongmin; Matsuhisa, Naoji; Nagase, Masae; Sekino, Masaki; Malliaras, George G.; Yokota, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1073/pnas.1703886114

Cited by 224 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Its high sensitivity has been used to develop low‐cost biosensors for small molecules (e.g., glucose and dopamine), biological analytes (e.g., enzymes), and to monitor the function of electrogenic cells . Preliminary studies have demonstrated the possibility of using the OECT for monitoring brain activity, cardiac rhythm, and eye movement, paving the way toward its use in clinical applications . In contrast with passive electrodes, which rely on an external amplifier to provide adequate recording of small biological signals, the OECT offers the advantage of local amplification directly at the bioelectronic interface, leading to a better signal‐to‐noise ratio …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

2018

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The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a device capable of simultaneously controlling the flow of electronic and ionic currents. This unique feature renders the OECT the perfect technology to interface man-made electronics, where signals are conveyed by electrons, with the world of the living, where information exchange relies on chemical signals. The function of the OECT is controlled by the properties of its core component, an organic conductor. Its chemical structure and interactions with electrolyte molecules at the nanoscale play a key role in regulating OECT operation and performance. Herein, the latest research progress in the design of active materials for OECTs is reviewed. Particular focus is given on the conducting polymers whose properties lead to advances in understanding the OECT working mechanism and improving the interface with biological systems for bioelectronics. The methods and device models that are developed to elucidate key relations between the structure of conducting polymer films and OECT function are discussed. Finally, the requirements of OECT design for in vivo applications are briefly outlined. The outcomes represent an important step toward the integration of organic electronic components with biological systems to record and modulate their functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

2018

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“…[47][48][49][50][51] Adding a soft hydrogel layer to neuronal implants significantly decreases the local strain and modulates the immune response in the brain. 52,53 Likewise, several methods have been investigated to fabricate bioelectronic interfaces on flexible substrates such as polyimide 6,54 and parylene 42,55 , or to transfer a metallic pattern onto soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. 56,57 Very recently, an implanted neural MEA interface has been developed, which is capable of restoring voluntary control of locomotion after traumatic spinal cord injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed microelectrode arrays on soft materials: from PDMS to hydrogels

et al. 2018

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Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide promising opportunities to study electrical signals in neuronal and cardiac cell networks, restore sensory function, or treat disorders of the nervous system. Nevertheless, most of the currently investigated devices rely on silicon or polymer materials, which neither physically mimic nor mechanically match the structure of living tissue, causing inflammatory response or loss of functionality. Here, we present a new method for developing soft MEAs as bioelectronic interfaces. The functional structures are directly deposited on PDMS-, agarose-, and gelatin-based substrates using ink-jet printing as a patterning tool. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by printing high-resolution carbon MEAs on PDMS and hydrogels. The soft MEAs are used for in vitro extracellular recording of action potentials from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells. Our results represent an important step toward the design of next-generation bioelectronic interfaces in a rapid prototyping approach.npj Flexible Electronics (2018) 2:15 ;

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“…2D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been used in a number of scientific studies encompassing monitoring of environmental and biological systems with high spatiotemporal resolution . In the field of bioelectronics, these devices have been used as platforms to better understand complex cell‐to‐cell communication in vitro as well as in vivo . In general, such devices are produced using microfabrication techniques allowing well‐defined high‐resolution features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed 3D Electrode Arrays with Micrometer‐Scale Lateral Resolution for Extracellular Recording of Action Potentials

Grob

Yamamoto

Zips

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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Current investigations on neuronal or cardiac tissues call for systems that can electrically monitor cellular activity in three dimensions as opposed to classical planar approaches. Typically the fabrication of such 3D microelectrode arrays (3D MEAs) relies on advanced cleanroom fabrication techniques. However, additive manufacturing is becoming an ever versatile alternative for rapid prototyping of novel sensor designs due to its low cost and material expense. Here, the possibility of fabricating high‐resolution 3D MEAs is demonstrated by using electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing. The height and aspect ratio of the 3D electrodes can be readily tuned by adjusting the printing conditions and number of deposited ink droplets per electrode. The fabrication of pillar electrode arrays with electrode diameters of sintered structures below 3 µm is shown. The functionality of the array is confirmed using impedance spectroscopy and extracellular recordings of action potentials from HL‐1 cells.

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Transparent, conformable, active multielectrode array using organic electrochemical transistors

Cited by 224 publications

References 50 publications

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Printed microelectrode arrays on soft materials: from PDMS to hydrogels

Printed 3D Electrode Arrays with Micrometer‐Scale Lateral Resolution for Extracellular Recording of Action Potentials

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