Transposable elements in vertebrates: species evolution and environmental adaptation

Carducci, Federica; Biscotti, Maria Assunta; Barucca, Marco; Canapa, Adriana

doi:10.1080/24750263.2019.1695967

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, the host’s silencing mechanisms are not always effective, and the evolutionary success of TEs is undeniable. They are ubiquitous and account for a large fraction of eukaryotic genomes; they have driven many key evolutionary innovations and resulted in genetic diversity and evolutionary success [ 51 , 58 ]. They have even been suggested to play a possible role in speciation [ 59 ].…”

Section: Transposable Elements Exaptation and Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination

Bello-Morales

Andreu

Ripa

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that can infect the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it has been implicated in demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move from one genomic location to another. TEs have been linked to several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of unknown etiology influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Exogenous viral transactivators may activate certain retrotransposons or class I TEs. In this context, several herpesviruses have been linked to MS, and one of them, HSV-1, might act as a risk factor by mediating processes such as molecular mimicry, remyelination, and activity of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Several herpesviruses have been involved in the regulation of human ERVs (HERVs), and HSV-1 in particular can modulate HERVs in cells involved in MS pathogenesis. This review exposes current knowledge about the relationship between HSV-1 and human ERVs, focusing on their contribution as a risk factor for MS.

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Section: Transposable Elements Exaptation and Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination

Bello-Morales

Andreu

Ripa

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Genetic variation can be caused by not only point mutations and whole-genome duplications but also TE activity. Moreover, transposons can be co-opted and exapted, creating regulatory sequences, coding exons, or entirely new genes useful for the host genome [ 22 , 23 , 37 , 205 ]. Indeed, a great number of reports have suggested the responsiveness and susceptibility of TEs to environmental changes or stressful conditions [ 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 ].…”

Section: Fish Transposons and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the presence of mobile elements in fish genomes most likely contribute to shaping their genomes, providing advantageous features that have allowed them to successfully adapt to different environments [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Given the ability to move throughout the genome, the impact of mobile elements on genome evolution is higher than commonly supposed, and several papers have recognized the role of these elements as one of the most powerful evolutionary tools [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Elements in Ray-Finned Fish Genomes

Carducci

Barucca

Canapa

et al. 2020

Life

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Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are a very diverse group of vertebrates, encompassing species adapted to live in freshwater and marine environments, from the deep sea to high mountain streams. Genome sequencing offers a genetic resource for investigating the molecular bases of this phenotypic diversity and these adaptations to various habitats. The wide range of genome sizes observed in fishes is due to the role of transposable elements (TEs), which are powerful drivers of species diversity. Analyses performed to date provide evidence that class II DNA transposons are the most abundant component in most fish genomes and that compared to other vertebrate genomes, many TE superfamilies are present in actinopterygians. Moreover, specific TEs have been reported in ray-finned fishes as a possible result of an intricate relationship between TE evolution and the environment. The data summarized here underline the biological interest in Actinopterygii as a model group to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the high biodiversity observed in this taxon.

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“…Recently, many researches on transposons have shown that they are among the main causes of genome expansion and that their activity is stimulated by various environmental stressors (Canapa et al 2015;Carducci et al 2019b), such as temperature, thermal shocks, radiations, chemicals, and viral infections (Capy et al 2000;Fujino et al 2011;Garcia Guerreiro 2012;Carducci et al 2019a, b). In some cases, these stressors would act directly on transposons with a mechanism typical of defensive gene activation, since some transposons have sequences similar to the promoters of these genes (Takeda et al 1999;Capy et al 2000); however, in many other cases, the action would mainly depend on a temperature-dependent activation of transposase (Capy et al 2000;Fujino et al 2011;Carducci et al 2019a).…”

Section: Relationship Of Genome Characters With the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light upon the complex net of genome size, genome composition and environment in chordates

Canapa

Biscotti

Barucca

et al. 2020

The European Zoological Journal

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The nucleotype theory has been advanced on the basis of studies regarding genome size and composition in various plant and animal species, i.e. the influence that genome can have on the phenotype independently of the informational content of DNA. It has also been noted that during evolution various interactions between different environmental factors and genome structural and functional parameters would have occurred. In this review, changes in genome size, transposon content, and base composition occurred during the evolution of chordates were examined. Many environmental stresses, such as temperature, can act on transposons and through these on genome size. Temperature is also one of the most important elements of natural selection able to interact both with base composition and genome size. It has been evidenced that temperature exerts a direct influence on base composition and its increase would have led to an higher content of genome GC-rich components during the evolution of chordates, in particular in endotherms. Temperature would have controlled the rate of biosynthesis in G1 phase and consequently the cell cycle duration which in turn would have interacted with genome size. The combined action of temperature, base composition, and genome size would also have been very important in controlling the metabolic rate. Finally, another important aspect of the nucleotypic effect is the influence that genome size and cell cycle duration, in correlation with environmental temperature, would have exert on embryo and larval development, very important for environmental adaptation. In conclusion, studies here reviewed to confirm the existence in chordates of a mutual influence between environment and genome non-coding components that would have played an important role in the evolution of these animals especially in environmental adaptation processes.

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Transposable elements in vertebrates: species evolution and environmental adaptation

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination

HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination

Mobile Elements in Ray-Finned Fish Genomes

Shedding light upon the complex net of genome size, genome composition and environment in chordates

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