“…includens damages various crops, particularly soybean and cotton, and reduces their yields (Herzog, 1980;Musser et al, 2022). It overwinters and reproduces primarily in the regions of Central and South Americas, the Caribbean, and annually migrates northward, reaching peak populations in August to September in the southern United States (Carner et al, 1974;Fleming et al, 2021;Mitchell et al, 1975;Shaw et al, 2021). Soybean looper resistance has been reported for various classes of synthetic insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and chitin synthesis inhibitors (Felland et al, 1990;Mascarenhas & Boethel, 1997;Mink et al, 1993;Perini et al, 2021;Stacke et al, 2019Stacke et al, , 2020.…”