Traumatic experiences in psychiatric outpatients

Davidson, Jonathan; Smith, Rebecca

doi:10.1002/jts.2490030314

Cited by 188 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rutter [103] found that children hospitalized between six months of age and four years were more likely to have negative outcomes than those hospitalized prior to six months or after four years of age. Davidson and Smith [104] reported that among children receiving psychiatric care, those who had experienced an initial trauma prior to age ! 1 were three times as likely to develop psychiatric symptoms than those who had experienced the trauma during adolescence.…”

Section: Stage 3 Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child development: Vulnerability and resilience

Engle

Castle

Menon

1996

Social Science & Medicine

130

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Alrstraet--Many of the challenges facing children now are a function of changing times, including increase in urbanization, political violence, changing family forms, and in some areas decreased supplies of adequate food. This review focuses particularly on those changes in which children are the victims and which induce new threats for them, rather than on problems such as child disability or mental illness. The outcome variables of interest in this paper are dimensions of children's psychosocial development, including cognitive development, psychological adjustment and aggression, whereas the companion paper in this issue (Caldwell P., Child survival: vulnerability and resilience in adversity in the European past and the contemporary Third World, Soc. Sci. Med.) [1] focuses on physical aspects of children's development. The risks that are hurdles in the process of development of a young child begin from conception and carry on into later life. To address them all would be impossible; thus, in order to do justice to the issues at hand, we have chosen those risks that, in our view, are important in a child's psychosocial development in developing countries. This paper will thus provide a discussion of the concepts of risk and resilience, then apply these concepts to the analysis of three examples of risk faced by children today: nutritional threats (e.g. malnutrition due to decline in breastfeeding); family dynamics and types of family forms (e.g. child fostering and non-traditional families); and experiences of violence (domestic or political). In each case, the same four questions will be addressed: what are the consequences of the risk factor for children, what are the etiologies and conditions of risk, are there any children who seem to cope with the risk factor successfully and what are some of the protective factors, and what interventions or programs would help support these children?

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Section: Stage 3 Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child development: Vulnerability and resilience

Engle

Castle

Menon

1996

Social Science & Medicine

130

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“…El médico responsable solicitó una evaluación por parte del Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica donde se realizó una entrevista clínica a la paciente y se aplicó el cuestionario de experiencias traumáticas 5 . Se trata de un instrumento sencillo utilizado para el cribado de pacientes con trastorno por estrés postraumático que consta de tres partes diferenciadas: a) listado de experiencias traumáticas (18 ítems que investigan la existencia o no de experiencias traumáticas a lo largo de la vida y en caso afirmativo la edad a que sucedió y la duración), b) acontecimiento traumático que más preocupa en el momento actual con 9 ítems que investigan el acontecimiento estresante según los criterios diagnósticos del apartado A del DSM-IV y c) listado de síntomas que consta de 18 ítems que exploran los criterios B-D del DSM-IV.…”

Section: Presentación Del Casounclassified

Trastorno por estrés agudo: Presentación de un caso

Reyes¹,

Delgado²,

Imas

2012

Cuad. med. forense

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ResumenEl trastorno por estrés agudo puede ser secundario a una lesión grave o una amenaza a la integridad física. Ante este tipo de situación, el individuo responde con una serie de reacciones cognitivas, conductuales, emocionales y físicas todas ellas orquestadas por un órgano rector: el cerebro. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con un trastorno por estrés agudo que aparece tras ser agredida en su puesto laboral. Se trata de una mujer de 55 años, con antecedentes de un adecuado desempeño laboral, que después del evento traumático comienza a presentar cambios conductuales evidenciados por irritabilidad, miedo, ansiedad, nerviosismo y sobresaltos. No quiere salir sola a la calle, aqueja malestar al recordar el evento traumático y pérdida de su estabilidad emocional y laboral. Cuando se realiza la evaluación, la paciente se encontraba bajo tratamiento con antidepresivos y ansiolíticos. Se recomienda integrar estudios electrofisiológicos, psicofisiológicos y métodos de evaluación clinimétrica como complemento en el diagnóstico de esta entidad. Palabras clave: Estrés agudo. Respuesta simpática de la piel. EEG. AbstractAcute stress disorder may be the secondary to a serious injury or a threat to physical integrity. Given this situation, the individual responds with a series of cognitive, behavioral, emotional and physical reactions all orchestrated by a governing body: the brain. A case of a patient with acute stress disorder, which appears after being attacked in her job place, is presented. A 55-year old woman, with antecedents of adequate job performance, begins to show behavioral changes evidenced by irritability, fear, anxiety, nervousness and jumpiness after the traumatic event. She does not want to go alone into the street, explains malaise when remembering the traumatic event and loss of emotional and labour stability. At the time when the assessment is made, the patient was being treated with antidepressants and anxiolytics. It is recommended to integrate electrophysiological, psychophysiological and methods of clinometric evaluation as complements for the diagnosis of this entity.

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“…Setenta y un pacientes con psicosis completaron una escala de experiencias disociativas (DES-II, Carlson y Putnam, 1993), un cuestionario de traumas (TQ, Davidson, Hughes y Blazer, 1990) y se les administró también los ítems de delirios y alucinaciones de la PANSS (Kay, Opler y Lindenmayer, 1988). Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos que presentaban alucinaciones y delirios habían experimentado un número significativamente mayor de las experiencias traumáticas en la infancia, pero no en la edad adulta.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Seventy-one patients with psychosis filled in a dissociative experiences scale (DES-II, Carlson & Putnam, 1993), a trauma questionnaire (TQ, Davidson, Hughes, & Blazer, 1990) and the PANSS delusion and hallucination items (Kay, Opler, & Lindenmayer, 1988). The results showed that subjects who had hallucinations and delusions had undergone a significantly larger number of traumatic experiences in childhood, but not as adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relación entre trauma, disociación y síntomas psicóticos positivos

et al. 2015

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ResumenEl objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar experiencias traumáticas y disociativas en una muestra de pacientes españoles con psicosis y su relación con las alucinaciones. Setenta y un pacientes con psicosis completaron una escala de experiencias disociativas (DES-II, Carlson y Putnam, 1993), un cuestionario de traumas (TQ, Davidson, Hughes y Blazer, 1990) y se les administró también los ítems de delirios y alucinaciones de la PANSS (Kay, Opler y Lindenmayer, 1988). Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos que presentaban alucinaciones y delirios habían experimentado un número significativamente mayor de las experiencias traumáticas en la infancia, pero no en la edad adulta. Con respecto a la disociación, los sujetos con alucinaciones y delirios presentaban puntuaciones altas en disociación que los sujetos sin estos síntomas psicóticos. Respecto al tipo de trauma, se encontró que los sujetos con alucinaciones presentaban más abusos físicos y amenazas en la infancia, no encontrándose diferencias en el tipo de traumas en función de la presencia o no de delirios. Por último, de los factores estudiados en esta investigación, solamente la despersonalización predijo a la presencia de alucinaciones, encontrándose que ninguno de dichos factores predijo la presencia de delirios. AbstractThe purpose of this research was to study traumatic and dissociative experiences in a sample of Spanish patients with psychosis and their relationship to hallucinations. Seventy-one patients with psychosis filled in a dissociative experiences scale (DES-II, Carlson & Putnam, 1993), a trauma questionnaire (TQ, Davidson, Hughes & Blazer, 1990) and the PANSS delusion and hallucination items (Kay, Opler & Lindenmayer, 1988). The results showed that subjects who had hallucinations and delusions had undergone a significantly larger number of traumatic experiences in childhood, but not as adults. Subjects with hallucinations and delusions had higher scores in dissociation than those who did not have these psychotic symptoms. It was also found that subjects with hallucinations had had experienced more physical abuse and threats in childhood, while there were no differences in the type of trauma for presence or not of delusions. Finally, of the factors studied in this research, only depersonalization predicted the presence of hallucinations, and none of these factors predicted the presence of delusions.

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Traumatic experiences in psychiatric outpatients

Abstract: Fifty

Cited by 188 publications

References 19 publications

Child development: Vulnerability and resilience

Child development: Vulnerability and resilience

Trastorno por estrés agudo: Presentación de un caso

Relación entre trauma, disociación y síntomas psicóticos positivos

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