Travelling fires for structural design–Part I: Literature review

Stern-Gottfried, Jamie; Rein, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.06.003

Cited by 125 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In trying to achieve the objective of this research it is acknowledged that there is a continued interest in the phenomenon of travelling fires in which a fire in a large space only burns over a limited area at any one time [16]. A car parking building is identified as one type of structure with the potential for travelling fires.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Fire Scenarios for Car Parking Buildings using Risk Analysis

Tohir¹,

Spearpoint²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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This paper describes a relatively simple probability quantitative risk analysis model to determine appropriate fire scenarios for car parking buildings. The approach introduces a dimensionless measurement defined as fire risk level by multiplying probability by consequence. For the development of fire scenarios for car parking buildings, the key variables for the fire risk analysis are identified as vehicle parking distribution probability and how vehicles then form clusters of neighbours, vehicle classification, vehicle fire involvement probability, and the severity of vehicle fires. The selection of clusters of neighbouring vehicles and whether all vehicles in the cluster catch fire has the probability to affect the fire risk level. An example analysis is performed where a simple two-row, 100 space parking model with a 75 % vehicle occupancy and 0.90 tendency factor weighting is used to obtain the vehicle distribution probability combined with various data sourced from the literature. It is found from the example analysis that fire risk level is largely driven by the vehicle fire involvement probability such that a single vehicle fire presents the worst case scenario in terms of fire risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Fire Scenarios for Car Parking Buildings using Risk Analysis

Tohir¹,

Spearpoint²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…While the parametric description of a fire may be a natural way to describe this phenomenon by FSEs, the standard time-temperature curve approach is better understood by everyone else. Although authors expect a paradigm shift in this field, due to the introduction of travelling fires theory and wider use of parametric fires [48][49][50], the standard time-temperature curve will most likely remain a staple reference tool for estimation of structural resistance to fire.…”

Section: Areas Of Fse Related To Cpr Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The philosophy of fire safety engineering in the shaping of civil engineering development

Węgrzyński

Sulik

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper presents modern application of fire safety engineering (FSE) in the shaping of civil engineering development. Presented scientific achievements of FSE become tools used in typical modern engineering workflow. Experience gained through successful implementations of these solutions is then further crafted into prescriptive laws that shape future fire safety. This diffusion of knowledge is limited by law requirements themselves, technical limitations, and yet unresolved challenges that are still being worked on by the researchers in this field. This paper aims to present the achievements of the FSE discipline that may and should be used by civil engineers and other participants of the building process. Explanations given for the choices of fire safety engineers allow a better understanding of their gravity by representatives of other engineering branches. That way it is possible to build empathy between different engineering disciplines, which may significantly improve both the building design process and safety of the buildings itself. The chosen framework of this paper is Appendix A to EU Construction Products Regulation defining basic goals for a fire safe building, with a possible application of FSE given for each of these goals. The current framework of performance-based FSE is presented in relation to the Polish legal system, with recommendations on how to improve both FSE and civil engineering in the future.Key words: fire safety engineering, fire protection engineering, fire protection, performance-based design, prescriptive codes. stakeholders who are not FSEs, may unwillingly influence the fire safety. This bidirectional connection requires a systematic, holistic approach to fire safety of a building, which is the essence of the philosophy of modern FSE. A sample of such approach, in the form of a framework for a good cooperation between fire experts and structural engineers, was presented by Abramowicz and Kowalski in [4]. Despite strict regulations and advanced design methodologies, supertall buildings or large road tunnels that can be considered the pinnacle of modern engineering are still the scene of catastrophic fire incidents. To reach the level of safety in which fires would cause no fatalities and limited damage, urgent problems beyond the quality of the design also have to be resolved, e.g. the slow diffusion of knowledge, the stress on reduction of fire protection cost, and abuse of overcomplicated methodologies, beyond their scope of application.

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“…The far-field temperature Tff varies with the distance from the fire. Its distribution can be determined with aid of computational fluid dynamics models or by hand calculation suggested in [7].…”

Section: Models Of Travelling Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Heterogeneity of Travelling Fire and Its Influence on Composite Steel-Concrete Floor

Horová

Wald

2015

CEJ

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In order to follow modern trends in contemporary building architecture, which is moving off the limits of current fire design models, assumption of homogeneous temperature conditions used for structural fire analysis needs to be revised. In this paper fire dynamics of travelling fire is investigated experimentally by conducting fire test in two-storey experimental building. To evaluate the impact of travelling fire on the mechanical behaviour of a structure, the spatial and temporal evolution of the gas temperature calculated in NIST code FDS, which was validated to experimental measurements, is applied to the composite floor of dimensions 9.0 m by 9.0 m. Mechanical behaviour of the composite slab highly affected by regions of high temperatures and areas with only elevated temperatures is solved in code Vulcan. To highlight the severity of spreading fire causing non-uniform temperature conditions, which after-effects differ from traditional methods, a comparison of both methods is introduced. The calculation of mechanical behaviour of the composite floor is repeated in a series of three different thermal loading cases. Results of all cases are then compared in terms of vertical displacement and axial force in several positions of the composite floor.

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Travelling fires for structural design–Part I: Literature review

Cited by 125 publications

References 27 publications

Development of Fire Scenarios for Car Parking Buildings using Risk Analysis

Development of Fire Scenarios for Car Parking Buildings using Risk Analysis

The philosophy of fire safety engineering in the shaping of civil engineering development

Temperature Heterogeneity of Travelling Fire and Its Influence on Composite Steel-Concrete Floor

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