Treatment of Germ Cell Testicular Cancer

Abstract

germ cell testicular cancer (gCTC) is a malignant neoplasm derived from the primordial germ cell. Although it accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies in men, it is the most common cancer of younger male population, with the highest incidence between ages 15 and 35. Testicular cancer incidence rate has risen globally over the past several decades, with the average increase in the incidence of testicular cancer in Croatia of 7% per annum from the year 1983 to 2007. Two main groups are seminomas and non-seminomas, each accounting for 50% of cases, and they differ in treatment modalities and response to therapy. Despite increase in the incidence rate, a promising circumstance is that gCTC has become a model of curable cancer. Because of advances in diagnostic procedures, sophisticated radiation techniques and especially the introduction of cisplatin based chemotherapy protocols together with advanced postchemotherapy surgical techniques, curability is expected in about 95% of all patients diagnosed with testicular cancer and over 70% of patients with advanced disease. in this review, we will focus on treatment strategies of primary gCTC.

Primary embryonal carcinoma of the prostate

“…Three chemotherapy options in CDCT include the TIP protocol, the combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide and vinblastine (VeIP protocol) and PEI protocol. 11 It is also worth mentioning that immuntherapies with antibodies against immunomodulators CTLA4 and PD-L1/PD-1 have shown some success in clinical application at times, but their effects on tumor treatment are not sufficiently stable, with the target effect often not achieved. 12 In our case the development of complications during the VeIP protocol caused the discontinuation of further treatment and death in a short period of follow-up.…”