Tree diversity in the Miocene forests of Western Eurasia

Middle Miocene climate and vegetation models and their validation with proxy data

“…Global and regional palaeovegetation studies demonstrate that warm and dense forests were widely distributed in the middle Miocene (Wolfe, 1985;Utescher et al, 2011b;Pound et al, 2012). Palaeovegetation data support the presence of cool-temperate mixed forests in the high-northern latitudes (White et al, 1997), (Pound et al, 2012), warm-temperate mixed forests in mid-latitudes (Utescher et al, 2007b;Utescher et al, 2011b;Retallack, 2007), and even tundra and shrubs in Antarctica (Lewis et al, 2008).…”

Miocene palynoflora of the Kocaçay and Cumaovası basins: a contribution to the synthesis of Miocene palynology, palaeoclimate, and palaeovegetation in western Turkey

“…Numerical climatic values of the Cumaovası and Kocaçay basins are generally obtained using 10 taxa as was done in Western Eurasia (Utescher et al, 2007), China (Yao et al, 2011), and Bulgaria (Bozukov et al, 2009). Although using taxa numbers in the coexistence approach method is rare, climatic values of these basins are important for palaeoclimatic evolution of Europe and the palaeoclimatic changes in western Anatolia during the late BurdigalianLanghian.…”

Palaeoclimate and vegetation change in Serbia during the last 30 Ma

“…For more details of the approach the reader is referred to the above literature. When using the CA, climate data of all known Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa have to be extracted from the database PALAEOFLORA Mosbrugger, 1990-2007). To enable this process, floral lists first have to be checked with respect to synonyms and a valid taxonomy, especially when analyzing floras described in older literature.…”