Tree genetic resources at risk in South America: A spatial threat assessment to prioritize populations for conservation

Zonneveld, Maarten van; Thomas, Evert; Castañeda‐Álvarez, Nora P.; Damme, Veerle Van; Alcázar, Carolina; Loo, Judy; Scheldeman, Xavier

doi:10.1111/ddi.12724

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Presence records from genebanks listed in the 2017 WIEWS database 23 cleaning of presence records. Presence records with inconsistencies between countries as reported in the passport data and at the projected locations outside a border buffer zone of 10 arc minutes were removed following van Zonneveld et al 27 . Coordinates of presence records located in coastal waters within a 10-arc minute buffer zone to the coastline were relocated to the nearest point in the coastline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outlier presence records with climate values far beyond taxa' niche margins were removed from our dataset because these are likely errors in coordinates or taxonomy. We removed outliers when the values of three or more of 19 bioclimatic variables were outside a threshold of 2.5 times the interquartile range below the first quartile or above the third quartile following van Zonneveld et al 27 . Climate data were derived from the 2.5-arc minute environmental layers of the 2.0 WorldClim database 28 . Gap analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce sampling bias, we first took the average Maxent results for each taxa from three runs each time, using 80% of the randomly resampled records from grid cells with a size corresponding to 10% of the longest inter-point distance following Fourcade et al 31 . Second, to allow Maxent to discriminate areas with presence records from the areas with no data, we randomly extracted ten times more background points from the area enclosed by the convex hull polygon based on the presence records, and extended with a buffer corresponding to 10% of the longest inter-point distance following van Zonneveld et al 27 . Third, to reduce the risk of including modelled areas where the taxa do not occur in reality, we limited the modelled distribution range by the area enclosed by the convex hull polygon based on the presence records and extended with the buffer around it following van Zonneveld et al 27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives

Zonneveld

Rakha

Tan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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this study provides insights in patterns of distribution of abiotic and biotic stress resilience across Vigna gene pools to enhance the use and conservation of these genetic resources for legume breeding. Vigna is a pantropical genus with more than 88 taxa including important crops such as V. radiata (mung bean) and V. unguiculata (cowpea). our results show that sources of pest and disease resistance occur in at least 75 percent of the Vigna taxa, which were part of screening assessments, while sources of abiotic stress resilience occur in less than 30 percent of screened taxa. This difference in levels of resilience suggests that Vigna taxa co-evolve with pests and diseases while taxa are more conservative to adapt to climatic changes and salinization. twenty-two Vigna taxa are poorly conserved in genebanks or not at all. this germplasm is not available for legume breeding and requires urgent germplasm collecting before these taxa extirpate on farm and in the wild. Vigna taxa, which tolerate heat and drought stress are rare compared with taxa, which escape these stresses because of short growing seasons or with taxa, which tolerate salinity. We recommend prioritizing these rare Vigna taxa for conservation and screening for combined abiotic and biotic stress resilience resulting from stacked or multifunctional traits. the high presence of salinity tolerance compared with drought stress tolerance, suggests that Vigna taxa are good at developing salt-tolerant traits. Vigna taxa are therefore of high value for legume production in areas that will suffer from salinization under global climate change.In this paper, we focus on Vigna, to understand patterns of distribution of abiotic and biotic stress resilience across legume gene pools. Vigna is a complex and pantropical genus of more than 88 taxa, which are principally diploid and selfing. The genus includes a number of important legume crops for food and nutrition security in tropical Asia and Africa such as V. radiata (mung bean) and V. unguiculata (cowpea, vegetable cowpea, and yard-long bean) as well as several neglected and underutilized crops such as V. aconitifolia (moth bean) and V. subterranea (Bambara groundnut).The optimum temperature range for legume crops is between 10-36 °C and various climatic models predict that temperatures will increase on average with 4 °C by the end of this century 7 . A principal production challenge, which is considered in Vigna breeding is therefore heat stress >40 °C 8-10 . Other production challenges relate to drought stress, water logging, and salinity 8-10 , and in the case of cowpea also phosphorus-use inefficiency 8 . Vigna wild relatives could contain traits to respond to these abiotic-stress related production challenges.Traits of breeding interest to escape heat and drought stress include early flowering and maturation. Important morphological and physiological traits in Vigna screening for drought tolerance are the number and diameter of xylem vessels, root suberization, stomatal leaf conductance, and low leaf hydraul...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives

Zonneveld

Rakha

Tan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Presence records with inconsistencies between countries as reported in the passport data and at the projected locations outside a border buffer zone of 10 arc minutes were removed following Van Zonneveld et al 15 . Coordinates of presence records located in coastal waters within a 10-arc minute buffer zone to the coastline were relocated to the nearest point in the coastline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outlier presence records with climate values far beyond taxa’ niche margins were removed from our dataset because these are likely errors in coordinates or taxonomy. We removed outliers when the values of three or more of 19 bioclimatic variables were outside a threshold of 2.5 times the interquartile range below the first quartile or above the third quartile following van Zonneveld et al 15 . Climate data were derived from the 2.5-arc minute environmental layers of the 2.0 WorldClim database 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience to unleash the potential of crop wild relatives for climate-smart legume breeding

Rakha

Tan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Although new varieties are urgently needed for climate-smart legume production, legume breeding lags behind with cereals and underutilizes wild relatives. This paper provides insights in patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience of legume crops and wild relatives to enhance the use and conservation of these genetic resources for climate-smart legume breeding. We focus on Vigna, a pantropical genus with more than 88 taxa including important crops such as cowpea and mung bean. Sources of pest and disease resistance occur in more than 50 percent of the Vigna taxa, which were screened while sources of abiotic stress resilience occur in less than 20 percent of the taxa, which were screened. This difference suggests that Vigna taxa co-evolve with pests and diseases while taxa are more conservative to adapt to climatic changes and salinization. Twenty-two Vigna taxa are poorly conserved in genebanks or not at all. This germplasm is not available for legume breeding and requires urgent germplasm collecting before these taxa extirpate on farm and in the wild. Vigna taxa, which tolerate heat and drought stress are rare compared with taxa, which escape these stresses or tolerate salinity. These rare Vigna taxa should be prioritized for conservation and screening for multifunctional traits of combined abiotic and biotic stress resilience. The high presence of salinity tolerance compared with drought stress tolerance, suggests that Vigna taxa are good at developing salt-tolerant traits compared with drought-tolerant traits. Vigna taxa are therefore of high value for legume production in areas that suffer from salinization.

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Cryptic species diversity in a widespread neotropical tree genus: The case ofCedrela odorata

Finch

Jones

Cronn

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Reconciling the use of taxonomy to partition morphological variation and describe genetic divergence within and among closely related species is a persistent challenge in phylogenetics. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) and five closely allied species to test the genetic basis for the current model of species delimitation in this economically valuable and threatened genus. Methods: We prepared a nuclear species tree with the program SNPhylo and 16,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 168 Cedrela specimens. Based on clades present and ancestral patterns ADMIXTURE, we designed nine species delimitation models and compared each model to current taxonomy with Bayes factor delimitation. Timing of major lineage divergences was estimated with the program SNAPP.Results: The resulting analysis revealed that modern C. odorata evolved from two genetically distinct ancestral sources. All species delimitation models tested better fit the data than the model representing current taxonomic delimitation. Models with the greatest marginal likelihoods separated Mesoamerican C. odorata and South American C. odorata into two species and lumped C. angustifolia and C. montana as a single species. We estimated that Cedrela diversified in South America within the last 19 million years following one or more dispersal events from Mesoamerican lineages. Conclusions: Our analyses show that the present taxonomic understanding within the genus obscures divergent lineages in C. odorata due in part to morphological differentiation and taxonomic distinctions that are not predictably associated with genetic divergence. A more accurate application of taxonomy to C. odorata and related species may aid in its conservation, management, and restoration efforts.

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Tree genetic resources at risk in South America: A spatial threat assessment to prioritize populations for conservation

Abstract: Background: Humans threat the populations of tree species by overexploitation, de-

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives

Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives

Understanding patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience to unleash the potential of crop wild relatives for climate-smart legume breeding

Cryptic species diversity in a widespread neotropical tree genus: The case ofCedrela odorata

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