Trehalose metabolism genes render rice white tip nematode, <i>Aphelenchoides besseyi</i> (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) resistant to anaerobic environment

Chen, Qiaoli; Wang, Feng; Li, Danlei; Zhang, Ruizhi; Ling, Yaming

doi:10.1242/jeb.171413

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We utilized RNAi method to study the function of one of the low-temperature-related BxGPCRs BxGPCR17454. The nematode RNAi was performed with soaking method as outlined in previous papers [14,39,54,55,56]. Mixed-stage B. xylophilus (male: female: juvenile ratio is approximately 1:1:2) was used in this research.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role of BxGPCR17454 in Low Temperature Response of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Wang

Hao

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Background: The causal agent of pine wilt disease is the pine wood nematode (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), whose ability to adapt different ecological niches is a crucial determinant of their invasion to colder regions. To discover the molecular mechanism of low temperature response mechanism, we attempted to study the molecular response patterns under low temperature from B. xylophilus with a comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis and validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic software was utilized to isolate and identify the low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes. Transcript abundance of six low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes and function of one of the BxGPCR genes are studied by qRT-PCR and RNA interference. Results: The results showed that we detected 432 DEGs through RNA sequencing between low-temperature-treated and ambient-temperature-treated groups nematodes. The transcript level of 6 low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes increased at low temperature. And, the survival rates of BxGPCR17454 silenced B. xylophilus revealed a significant decrease at low temperature. Conclusion: in conclusion, this transcriptome-based study revealed a crucial role of BxGPCR17454 in low temperature response process of pine wood nematode. These discoveries would assist the development of management and methods for efficient control of this devastating pine tree pest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role of BxGPCR17454 in Low Temperature Response of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Wang

Hao

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…When humidity levels are higher than 70%, A. besseyi becomes active. Such humidity levels can be observed close to the plant shoot, in folded leaves, and inside the panicles, where A. besseyi are usually found …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Of those, A. besseyi is known to cause rice white tip, where flowers become sterile, and there is a reduction in production and in the size of grains . This species can survive in crop debris for months in the anhydrobiosis stage, which impairs prevention and infection control . When humidity levels are higher than 70%, A. besseyi becomes active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Meyer et al used morphological and molecular analysis to identify the nematode A. besseyi as the causative agent of GSPR. The main predisposing climate factors for GSFR are high temperatures (above 28°C) and frequent precipitation during the soybean vegetative stage . The GSFR symptoms are more evident from flowering to the end of the soybean cycle, when diseased stems, petioles, leaves, and pods remain green, thus extending the harvest period .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics of soybean green stem and foliar retention (GSFR) disease using mass spectrometry and molecular networking

Zanzarin

Hernandes

Leme³

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi is the causal agent of green stem and foliar retention, a soybean disease recently described in Brazil. This condition can reduce soybean yield by up to 100%. However, little is known about chemical interactions between the plant and pathogen. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate metabolites from healthy soybean roots and from soybean roots that were inoculated with A. besseyi. Methods A. besseyi were multiplied in vitro with Fusarium sp. colonies in Petri dishes for 25 days, and were axenically inoculated into hydroponics healthy soybean plants. The metabolites were extracted from the roots of healthy and A. besseyi‐infected plants 16 days post‐inoculation. These extracts were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic method with an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization /tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) and molecular networking approach. Results Roots from infected plants showed morphological alterations such as shrinkage, darkening, and arching. Similarly, they also showed an increased presence of flavonoids, compared with healthy roots. Compounds such as neobavaisoflavone, glycitin, genistin, and genistein were putatively identified and had greater intensity in inoculated roots. These compounds are linked to the defensive mechanisms in plants against nematodes. Moreover, coumaric acid, also exclusively putatively identified in inoculated roots, shows activity related to inhibition of root growth. Conclusions Liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and molecular networking approaches proved to be a powerful tool for the metabolomic study of GSFR. This study showed metabolomics differences of protective substances in the roots, evidencing a quick response of the plant to the attack of A. besseyi.

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“…Trehalose has a protective effect on the survival of nematode in an adverse environment, and trehalose metabolic genes are involved in various stress resistance of nematode [17][18][19]. The biosynthesis of trehalose is induced by stress conditions such as cold, dehydration, oxidative stress, and so on [19][20][21][22][23]. The cold and dry climate in northern China may be a factor that induces the accumulation of trehalose and the formation of more DJ3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose in pine wood nematode participates in DJ3 formation and confers resistance to low-temperature stress

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Genomics

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Background Recently, pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) has been found in the extreme cold area of northeast China. The third-stage dispersal juvenile (DJ3) of PWN, which is a long-lived stress-resistant stage, plays an important role in the process of PWN spreading to low-temperature areas, as this stage can survive under unfavorable conditions. Results Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to analyze the expression patterns of 15,889 genes included in 21 RNA-Seq results of PWN at DJ3 and the other 6 different stages, and a total of 12 coexpression modules were obtained. Among them, the magenta module has the highest correlation with DJ3, which included a total of 652 genes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that most of the genes in the magenta module were involved in metabolic processes, which were related to autophagy and longevity regulation. These pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism, which contains trehalose metabolism. To explore the function of trehalose in DJ3 formation and survival under − 20 °C, a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase encoding gene (Bx-tps), a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase encoding gene (Bx-tpp) and 7 trehalase encoding genes (Bx-tres) were identified and investigated. The expression of these 9 genes was related to the formation of DJ3. A treatment under − 20 °C induced the accumulation of trehalose. The survival rate of DJ3 at -20 °C reduced after silencing of any of these trehalose metabolism genes. Further analysis suggested that two trehalose synthesis genes were highly correlated with DJ3 and might be involved in autophagy by regulating with energy conversion related genes. Conclusions The above results indicated that trehalose metabolism promotes DJ3 formation and helps DJ3 survive at -20 °C. Although trehalose accumulation is favorable for DJ3 to cope with low-temperature stress, multiple trehalose metabolism genes need to work together. There may be a multi-path regulated physiological process involving trehalose synthesis genes under low-temperature stress resistance. This physiological process may regulate the formation and maintenance of DJ3 through autophagy and energy conversion.

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Trehalose metabolism genes render rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) resistant to anaerobic environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role of BxGPCR17454 in Low Temperature Response of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role of BxGPCR17454 in Low Temperature Response of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Metabolomics of soybean green stem and foliar retention (GSFR) disease using mass spectrometry and molecular networking

Trehalose in pine wood nematode participates in DJ3 formation and confers resistance to low-temperature stress

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