Trends analysis in rainfall data series in Duhok city, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Hajani, Evan; Klari, Zahraa M.

doi:10.1007/s40808-022-01354-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The rainfall data were analyzed to determine the maximum amount of rainfall received in a year (i.e., 365 days period). The gaps in the rainfall data of each station were filled by the regression analysis method, where the gaps in the rainfall data of a particular station were filled by regression analysis with a nearby station that had no data gap (Hajani, 2020;Hajani and Klari, 2022).…”

Section: Study Area and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Rainfall Intensity- Frequency- Duration Curves for Three Selected Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Shajee,

Hajani

2024

ACAD J NAWROZ UNIV

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The relationship of rainfall intensity frequency duration (IFD) is one of the key tools used considerably in water resources engineering, whether for planning, designing, managing, and operating projects for water resources or flood control and management projects. The purpose of this study is to develop IFD curves at a site location for three selected governorates, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The current study covers rainfall data recorded over 30 years between 1991-2020 for three rainfall stations located within three governorates (i.e., Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaimaniya) in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The stationary IFD curves have been derived from fitting the three most commonly adopted probability distributions (namely, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Gumbel, and Log Pearson Type 3 (LPT3)) for the three selected rainfall stations. The fit of the rainfall data to the three selected distributions has been assessed by employing three goodness-of-fit tests (i.e., Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD), and Chi-Square tests). The results indicated that the three selected distributions fit the rainfall data at the three significance levels (10%, 5%, and 1%) for all three stations. Overall, it has been discovered that at-site IFD curve data derived from the GEV distribution are generally higher than curves derived from the LPT3 and Gumbel distributions.

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Section: Study Area and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Rainfall Intensity- Frequency- Duration Curves for Three Selected Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Shajee,

Hajani

2024

ACAD J NAWROZ UNIV

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“…In Kwashe, there is significantly more rainfall in the winter than there is in the summer. Dohuk has an average temperature of 18.5 °C, and Kwashe experiences precipitation from September to April, with an average annual rainfall of 437-534 mm over the course of 48 years [33,34]. The majority of rainfall falls during five to six month-long, clearly defined rainy seasons (November to April).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of heavy metals concentration in rainwater and their effects on human health in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Najmaldin Ezaldin Hassan

2023

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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One possible source of fresh water is rainfall. Nonetheless, the natural composition of rainwater may change due to air pollution in any areas. The Kwashe and Gara in the Duhok Governorate, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, was selected as the study areas. Heavy metals concentration of rainwater was investigated. Seven samples were taken during rainy January and February 2023 for this investigation, and a statistical analysis was carried out to identify the factors influencing the quality of the rainwater. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Co) were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and compared to WHO standards. The purpose of the study was to compare the heavy metal content of study area rainwater to WHO standards in order to determine the effects of these metals on community members' individual health as well as the environment. The heavy metal concentrations dropped in the following order: (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Co in Kwashe and Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Fe > Mn > Cd > Co in Gara). The following heavy metals are within the WHO's permissible limit: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co; the others exceeded it. The results indicate that the rainwater sources in the study areas are unsafe and unfit for human consumption. Because of this, rainwater from research areas needs to be treated before drinking in order to prevent Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr-related health problems.

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“…By understanding these trends, conservation efforts can be better targeted to protect vulnerable species and maintain ecological balance, contributing to overall environmental sustainability. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain the temporal trends of precipitation variables, employing diverse methodologies for trend analysis [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of High and Low Values of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation in Turkey

Nacar

2023

Sustainability

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The exploration of precipitation data trends using innovative analysis methods is anticipated to offer significant contributions to sustainability across various domains, including water resources management, agricultural planning, climate change understanding, environmental protection, risk assessment, and preparedness. This study employs an improved visualization of the innovative trend analysis (IV-ITA) method for detecting annual and seasonal trends in precipitation variables across 194 stations in Turkey over the period 1969–2020. The outcomes derived from the IV-ITA method were further juxtaposed with the results obtained from the classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test. Using the MK test, statistically significant increasing trends were detected in the annual pattern along the northern coasts of Turkey. Based on the results obtained from the IV-ITA, substantial decreasing trends were identified in the basins within the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Conversely, an increasing trend was observed in the basins situated in the northwest. It was also established that an increasing trend was observed throughout Turkey, except for some stations in the low-data group. The most significant increasing trend was noted in the basins along the southern coastline, characterized by the prevalence of the Mediterranean climate. In the high-data group, an increase of up to 50% was noted along the southwest coast. Upon comparing the outcomes derived from the IV-ITA method with those obtained using the MK test, it becomes apparent that the IV-ITA yields significantly more detailed results than the MK test. Additionally, applying the IV-ITA method in climate-sensitive regions and basins is envisioned to enhance the accuracy of assessments, foster a sustainable environment, and improve the effective management of water resources.

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Trends analysis in rainfall data series in Duhok city, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Developing Rainfall Intensity- Frequency- Duration Curves for Three Selected Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Developing Rainfall Intensity- Frequency- Duration Curves for Three Selected Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

An investigation of heavy metals concentration in rainwater and their effects on human health in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Trends of High and Low Values of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation in Turkey

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