Trends in drug use among drivers killed in U.S. traffic crashes, 1999–2010

Rudisill, Toni Marie; Zhao, Songzhu; Abate, Marie A.; Coben, Jeffrey H.; Zhu, Motao

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.003

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Prescription drug abuse and diversion is associated with serious medical, social and other short-and long-term consequences (Hall et al, 2008;Häkkinen et al, 2014;Rudisill et al, 2014;Rönkä et al, 2015;Zamparutti et al, 2011) and is a recognized global public health concern (WHO, 2006;UN, 2014;Griffiths et al, 2014)). Still, established, effective methods that evaluate their occurrence are missing (Secora et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden

Tjäderborn

Jönsson

Sandström

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Aims: To determine the prevalence of non-prescribed drug use among subjects suspected of drug-impaired driving with a confirmed intake of a psychoactive prescription drug, and to identify associated factors. Methods:Subjects investigated for drug-impaired driving in Sweden during 2006-2009 with a confirmed intake of diazepam, flunitrazepam, tramadol, zolpidem or zopiclone were identified using the Swedish Forensic Toxicology Database. Information on dispensed prescription drugs was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Non-prescribed use was defined as a confirmed use of a psychoactive prescription drug intake confirmed by toxicological analysis in a subject by whom it was not dispensed in the 12 months preceding the sampling. Prevalence proportions were calculated for each drug and logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Results: In total, 2225 subjects were included. The median age (range) was 34 (15-80) years and 1864 (83.8%) subjects were male. Non-prescribed use was found in 1513 subjects (58.7%); for flunitrazepam 103 (76.3%), diazepam 1098 (74.1%), tramadol 192 (40.3%), zopiclone 60 (29.7%), and zolpidem 60 (21.2%) subjects, respectively. Younger age and multiple-substance use were associated with nonprescribed use, whereas ongoing treatment with other psychoactive drugs was negatively associated with nonprescribed use. Conclusions: Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs was common in subjects suspected of drug-impaired driving and was more frequent for benzodiazepines and tramadol compared to zolpidem and zopiclone. The young and multi-substance users were more likely, whereas subjects with ongoing prescribed treatment with other psychoactive drugs were less likely, to use non-prescribed drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden

Tjäderborn

Jönsson

Sandström

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Higher daily doses and concomitant use of other DIM are also consistent with available evidence (Haw and Stubbs, 2007; Maric et al, 2017). It is well know that the amount consumed and poly-substance use are related to an increased risk of being involved in a fatal road accident (Barbone et al, 1998; Orriols et al, 2011; Schulze et al, 2012; Rudisill et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Benzodiazepine Use and Its Extent in the Driver Population: A Population-Based Registry Study

et al. 2018

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Background: Benzodiazepines are driving-impairing medicines (DIM). This study presents current consumption of dispensed benzodiazepines in the Spanish general population, with a focus in pattern of use and concomitant medicines consumed with.Methods: A population-based registry study was carried out to assess the year-2016 granted benzodiazepines dispensation in Castile and León. Weighting was performed to obtain the adjusted benzodiazepine consumption for licensed drivers according to age and gender using our national drivers' license census data.Results: Benzodiazepines were used by 15.38% of the general population and 10.97% of drivers. Nearly 2% of the population and more than 1% of drivers took these medicines every day. The amount consumed (until 3 or more benzodiazepines per day) and concomitant use of other DIM were also higher. Women were the most frequent consumers, and anxiolytic use was usual. Consumption increases with age, but there were differences between men and women drivers from 60 years old.Conclusions: The current use of benzodiazepines must serve to awareness of the healthcare personnel, patients, and authorities on their risks, above all on the road safety.

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“…Hence, DUI suspects may actually also be using other substances, but these remain undetected. DUI of prescription drugs is, however, one of the growing traffic concerns (Berning et al, 2015;Rudisill et al, 2014) and in this study we strive to explore DUI suspects' use of psychoactive prescription drugs irrespective of whether they were detected already during the DUI arrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%