Trends in Gene Expression Profiling for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study is to review biotechnology advances in gene expression profiling on prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on experimental platform development and gene discovery, in relation to different study designs and outcomes in order to understand how they can be exploited to improve PCa diagnosis and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review on gene expression profiling studies through PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science between 2000 and 2016. Tissue biopsy and clinical gene profiling studies with different outcomes (e.g., recurrence, survival) were included. Results: Over 3,000 papers were screened and 137 full-text articles were selected. In terms of technology used, microarray is still the most popular technique, increasing from 50 to 70% between 2010 and 2015, but there has been a rise in the number of studies using RNA sequencing (13% in 2015). Sample sizes have increased, as well as the number of genes that can be screened all at once, but we have also observed more focused targeting in more recent studies. Qualitative analysis on the specific genes found associated with PCa risk or clinical outcomes revealed a large variety of gene candidates, with a few consistent cross-studies. Conclusions: The last 15 years of research in gene expression in PCa have brought a large volume of data and information that has been decoded only in part, but advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology are increasing the amount of data that can be generated. The variety of findings warrants the execution of both validation studies and meta-analyses. Genetic biomarkers have tremendous potential for early diagnosis of PCa and, if coupled with other diagnostics (e.g., imaging), can effectively be used to concretize less-invasive, personalized prediction of PCa risk and progression.

Attitudes Toward Genomic Testing and Prostate Cancer Research Among Black Men

“…Past research 15,16 has addressed the effectiveness of genomic testing with little attempt to dissect behavioral predictors of testing uptake among ethnic subpopulations. While research on the issue is scant, this study’s findings mirror reported notions that hesitancy about genomic testing participation may stem from lack of knowledge rather than from the procedure itself.…”

“…The current study’s findings expand on previous studies demonstrating lower consent rates for genetic-variation research among blacks compared with other ethnic groups 14 by examining minority-male perceptions of genomic testing. Past research 15,16 has addressed the effectiveness of genomic testing with little attempt to dissect behavioral predictors of testing uptake among ethnic subpopulations. While research on the issue is scant, this study’s findings mirror reported notions that hesitancy about genomic testing participation may stem from lack of knowledge rather than from the procedure itself.…”

Application of the <i>in silico</i> approach in the study of critical genes predicting chemotherapeutic response to oxaliplatin in treatment of prostate cancer (literature reviev)

“…Однако только в 3 исследованиях учитывалась степень злокачественности опухоли [20]. В 2 из них изучались сигнатуры с участием 29 и 41 гена [21][22][23]. Профили экспрессии были получены с мРНК, экстрагированной из немикродиссектированных тканей, что может привести к смещению из-за потенциального «загрязнения» прилегающей нормальной ткани, воспалительных клеток или эндотелиальных клеток, но генные классификаторы были клинически ассоциированы с опухолями низкой и высокой степени злокачественности [24,25].…”

Identification of novel prostate cancer genes in patients stratified by Gleason classification: Role of antitumoral genes

“…[6][7][8] However, only a few have been associated with cancer outcomes and often with inconsistent results. 9 Specifically, antitumor genes could reveal new insights into molecular mechanisms of PCa pathogenesis and be a promising approach for gene therapy of PCa. 10,11 However, compared to other cancers such as breast or colorectal cancers, 12,13 little has been described regarding antitumor genes in PCa.…”