Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Ledesma, Oscar; Lamo, Paula; Fraire, Juan A.

doi:10.3390/electronics13030579

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…To implement an IoT solution on the surface of Mars using satellite constellations, it is necessary to reconfigure and adapt the architecture currently used in terrestrial satellite constellations [14,16]. Also, the new architecture must be integrated with the pre-existing communications systems between both planets [11].…”

Section: Proposed Architecture For Mars Exploration With Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 1, the satellite IoT solution on Earth comprises five fundamental layers [14,17]. In the first layer, there are IoT nodes, whose function is to acquire data from the physical environment and send it through low-power area network (LPWAN) communications to satellites in LEO.…”

Section: Proposed Architecture For Mars Exploration With Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be applied to other planets after redesigning the communication architectures. Between the two options, studies position LoRa/LoRaWAN as an IoT connectivity protocol suitable for exploring Mars or the Moon [11] due to its energy efficiency [14,39,40] and greater robustness against the Doppler effect [14]. Its adaptation to the architecture proposed in Figure 2 focuses on guaranteeing communications between the IoT nodes and the satellites, for which it is necessary to use a LoRaWAN network server (LNS) to manage and administer the communications located physically on Earth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its adaptation to the architecture proposed in Figure 2 focuses on guaranteeing communications between the IoT nodes and the satellites, for which it is necessary to use a LoRaWAN network server (LNS) to manage and administer the communications located physically on Earth. This server collects device data, contextualizes them, and prepares them for application use [14]. Since there is no regulation on the frequencies that can be used on Mars, the use of any terrestrial frequencies used by this technology can be proposed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architectural Framework and Feasibility of Internet of Things-Driven Mars Exploration via Satellite Constellations

Ledesma,

Lamo,

Fraire

et al. 2024

Electronics

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This study outlines a technical framework for Internet of Things (IoT) communications on Mars, leveraging Long Range (LoRa) technology to connect Martian surface sensors and orbiting satellites. The designed architecture adapts terrestrial satellite constellation models to Martian environments and the specific needs of interplanetary communication with Earth. It incorporates multiple layers, including Martian IoT nodes, satellite linkage, constellation configuration, and Earth communication, emphasizing potential Martian IoT applications. The analysis covers four critical feasibility aspects: the maximum communication range between surface IoT nodes and orbiting satellites, the satellite constellation’s message processing capacity to determine IoT node volume support, the communication frequency and visibility of IoT nodes based on the satellite constellation arrangement, and the interplanetary data transmission capabilities of LoRa-based IoT devices. The findings affirm LoRa’s suitability for Martian IoT communication, demonstrating extensive coverage, sufficient satellite processing capacity for anticipated IoT node volumes, and effective data transmission in challenging interplanetary conditions. This establishes the framework’s viability for advancing Mars exploration and IoT in space exploration contexts.

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Section: Proposed Architecture For Mars Exploration With Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Architecture For Mars Exploration With Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architectural Framework and Feasibility of Internet of Things-Driven Mars Exploration via Satellite Constellations

Ledesma,

Lamo,

Fraire

et al. 2024

Electronics

Self Cite

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“…In 2022, the number of global active IoT connections grew by 18% to 14.3 billion, which is predicted to exceed 29.7 billion in 2027 [3]. Energy efficiency is critical for wireless networks (both terrestrial and satellite) and IoT devices, particularly in 5G and 6G systems [4][5][6][7]. General approaches to reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency in wireless networks are discussed in detail in [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Energy-Efficient Coding Based on Coordinated Group Signal Transformation for Image Compression in Energy-Starved Systems

Lopukhova,

Voronkov,

Kuznetsov

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This paper introduces a new method for compressing images in energy-starved systems, like satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, and Internet of Things nodes, which is based on coordinated group signal transformation (CGST). The transformation algorithm is a type of difference coding and may be classified as a non-transform-based image-compression method. CGST simplifies the difference signal conversion scheme using a single group codec for all signals. It considers color channels as correlated signals of a multi-channel communication system. The performance of CGST was evaluated using a dataset of 128 × 128 pixel images from satellite remote sensing systems. To adapt CGST to image compression, some modifications were introduced to the algorithm, such as fixing the procedure of the difference signals calculation to prevent any “zeroing” of brightness and supplementing the group codec with a neural network to improve the quality of restored images. The following types of neural networks were considered: fully connected, recurrent, convolution, and convolution in the Fourier space. Based on the simulation results, fully connected neural networks are recommended if the goal is to minimize processing delay time. These networks have a response time of 13 ms. Conversely, suppose the priority is to improve quality in cases where delays are not critical. In that case, convolution neural networks in the Fourier space should be used, providing an image compression ratio of 4.8 with better minimum square error and Mikowsky norm values than JPEG with the same compression ratio.

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Assessment of Satellite Availability Window for Internet of Things Applications Using Doppler Detection in Routing Algorithms

Elbehiry,

Fares,

Elhalawany

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This research proposes a novel framework that uses Doppler measurements from communication signals to forecast the satellite visibility window for two ground stations. Using Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest-path routing, the ground stations may determine the best communication path among the visible satellites by utilizing these observations. The suggested technology significantly increases orbit estimation, which uses Ant Colony Optimization to estimate orbital parameters through Doppler data. The system improves communication dependability through redundancy by creating connections between ground stations and all observable satellites, guaranteeing continuing communications even if individual satellite connections are lost. Furthermore, the visibility windows and computed Doppler measurements have useful applications in real-time settings like Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Consequently, we derive the Doppler measurement probability function and simplify it to a root mean square error (RMSE) minimization problem. The outcomes demonstrate an increase in orbital parameter estimate accuracy when compared to cutting-edge optimization strategies. Furthermore, a reliable routing system is established connecting the two ground stations.

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Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Architectural Framework and Feasibility of Internet of Things-Driven Mars Exploration via Satellite Constellations

Architectural Framework and Feasibility of Internet of Things-Driven Mars Exploration via Satellite Constellations

A Novel Energy-Efficient Coding Based on Coordinated Group Signal Transformation for Image Compression in Energy-Starved Systems

Assessment of Satellite Availability Window for Internet of Things Applications Using Doppler Detection in Routing Algorithms

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