Trends in Medical School Application and Matriculation Rates Across the United States From 2001 to 2015: Implications for Health Disparities

Zhang, Donglan; Li, Gang; Mu, Lan; Thapa, Janani R.; Li, Yan; Chen, Zhuo; Shi, Lu; Su, Dejun; Son, Heejung; Pagán, José A.

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000004033

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The increasing number of medical students over 26 years is not included in our study; however, we believe their exclusion should not affect our findings as a majority of medical students as our cutoff age of 26 years falls within the average of matriculating into medical school in the United States within the last two decades. 50 Lastly, our physician recommendation of HPV vaccine assessment may not be reliable as it is possible that a subset of respondents to this question may have been vaccinated as children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Medical students’ knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated head and neck cancer

Boakye

Taylor

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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On the basis of their training, medical students are considered “the best case scenario” among university students in knowledge of the human papillomavirus (HPV). We evaluated differences in knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and head and neck cancer (HNC) among medical students. A previously validated questionnaire was completed by 247 medical students at a Midwestern university. Outcomes of interest were knowledge score for HPV and HPV vaccine, and HNC, derived from combining questionnaire items to form HPV knowledge and HNC scores, and analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Mean scores for HPV knowledge were 19.4 out of 26, and 7.2 out of 12 for HNC knowledge. In the final multivariate linear regression model, sex, race, and year of study were independently associated with HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge. Males had significantly lower HPV vaccine knowledge than females (β = −1.53; 95% CI: −2.53, −0.52), as did nonwhite students (β = −1.05; 95% CI: −2.07, −0.03). There was a gradient in HPV vaccine knowledge based on the year of study, highest among fourth year students (β = 6.75; 95% CI: 5.17, 8.33). Results were similar for factors associated with HNC knowledge, except for sex. HNC knowledge similarly increased based on year of study, highest for fourth year students (β = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.72, 3.29). Among medical students, gaps remain in knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-linked HNC. Male medical students have significantly lower knowledge of HPV. This highlights the need to increase medical student knowledge of HPV and HPV-linked HNC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Medical students’ knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated head and neck cancer

Boakye

Taylor

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…First, the age at entry to medical school is higher in the US. According to a study reporting the characteristics of matriculants in medical schools in the US, more than 98% of matriculants between 2001 and 2015 were 21 years old or older at the time of entry [ 31 ]. The mean age of the US study’s participants was 23.4 years old [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven years of data on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – medical student version: Japanese norm data and tentative cutoff scores

et al. 2023

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Background More and more studies investigate medical students’ empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE). However, no norm data or cutoff scores of the JSE for Japanese medical students are available. This study therefore explored Japanese norm data and tentative cutoff scores for the Japanese translation of the JSE-medical student version (JSE-S) using 11 years of data obtained from matriculants from a medical school in Japan. Methods Participants were 1,216 students (836 men and 380 women) who matriculated at a medical school in Japan from 2011 to 2021. The JSE-S questionnaire was administered to participants prior to the start of the program. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and statistical tests were performed to show the norm data and tentative cutoff scores for male and female students separately. Results The score distributions of the JSE-S were moderately skewed and leptokurtic for the entire sample, with indices -0.75 and 4.78, respectively. The mean score (standard deviation) for all participants was 110.8 (11.8). Women had a significantly higher mean score (112.6) than men (110.0; p < 0.01). The effect size estimate of gender difference was 0.22, indicating a small effect size. The low and high cutoff scores for men were ≤ 91 and ≥ 126, respectively, and the corresponding scores for women were ≤ 97 and ≥ 128, respectively. Conclusions This study provides JSE-S norm data and tentative cutoff scores for Japanese medical school matriculants, which would be helpful in identifying those who may need further training to enhance their empathy.

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“…51 Geographic proximity to a medical school is also associated with an increased rate of medical school application and matriculation. 52 Medical residents and fellows train primarily in urban hospital and outpatient settings. Physicians tend to go into practice near their Graduate Medical Education (GME) training location, but the vast majority of residency programs are in urban areas.…”

Section: Graduate Medical Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Recommendations for Improving Rural Cancer Services in the United States

Lent

Derksen

Jacobs

et al. 2023

JCO Oncology Practice

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Compared with urban residents, rural Americans have seen slower declines in cancer deaths, have lower incidence but higher death rates from cancers that can be prevented through screening, have lower screening rates, are more likely to present with later-stage cancers, and have poorer cancer outcomes and lower survival. Rural health provider shortages and lack of cancer services may explain some disparities. The literature was reviewed to identify factors contributing to rural health care capacity shortages and propose policy recommendations for improving rural cancer care. Uncompensated care, unfavorable payer mix, and low patient volume impede rural physician recruitment and retainment. Students from rural areas are more likely to practice there but are less likely to attend medical school because of lower graduation rates, grades, and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores versus urban students. The cancer care infrastructure is costly and financially challenging in rural areas with high proportions of uninsured and publicly insured patients. A lack of data on oncology providers and equipment impedes coordinated efforts to address rural shortages. Graduate Medical Education funding greatly favors large, urban, tertiary care teaching hospitals over residency training in rural, critical access and community-based hospitals and clinics. Policies have the potential to transform rural health care. This includes increasing advanced practice provider postgraduate oncology training opportunities and expanding the scope of practice; improving health workforce and services data collection and aggregation; transforming graduate medical education subsidies to support rural student recruitment and rural training opportunities; and expanding federal and state financial incentives and payments to support the rural cancer infrastructure.

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Trends in Medical School Application and Matriculation Rates Across the United States From 2001 to 2015: Implications for Health Disparities

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Medical students’ knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated head and neck cancer

Medical students’ knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated head and neck cancer

Eleven years of data on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – medical student version: Japanese norm data and tentative cutoff scores

Policy Recommendations for Improving Rural Cancer Services in the United States

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