Trends in NOx and NO2 emissions from road traffic in Great Britain

Beevers, Sean; Westmoreland, Emily; Jong, Mark C. de; Martin, Williams; Carslaw, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.028

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Despite their contribution to carbon dioxide reduction from road transport, Diesel engines are one of the major concerns in urban areas, due to their nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions and the relevant problems in air quality regarding NO 2 , PM 10 and PM 2.5 limits (Zamboni et al, 2009;Velders and Diederen, 2009;Velders et al, 2011;Beevers et al, 2012). In consequence, investigations aiming at a better evaluation of exhaust pollutants in real-world conditions are important (Wyatt et al, 2014;Chen and Borken-Kleefeld, 2014;, to reduce uncertainties in overall emissions estimation with inventory models, to identify the most influencing parameters (Demir et al, 2011) and to develop suitable assessment methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Zamboni

Meynier²,

Roveda

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Zamboni

Meynier²,

Roveda

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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“…Carslaw et al (2011) set up an across-road vehicle emissions monitoring system (RSD-4600) in London based on measuring nondispersive infrared (NDIR) and ultraviolet (UV) light across exhaust plumes. The measurement strategy was successfully realized for CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , and NO x , and further developments yielded reliable results for a large sample of single vehicles (> 70,000 vehicles) (Beevers et al 2012;Carslaw and Rhys-Tyler 2013;Chen and Borken-Kleefeld 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world vehicle emissions as measured by in situ analysis of exhaust plumes

Peitzmeier

Loschke

Wiedenhaus

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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We conducted a 60-day roadside measurement campaign on a busy street in Münster, Germany, during summer 2016. We used gas and particle concentration measurements with high temporal resolution (10 Hz) to quantify both the emission ratios of nitrogen oxides per carbon dioxide (NO x /CO 2 ) for over 70,000 individual exhaust plumes as well as the emission ratios for size-resolved particle numbers per carbon dioxide (d(PN CO 2 −1 )/dlogD) for about 10,000plumes. The real-world fleet passing by the measurement station consisted of passenger cars (85%), buses (5.9%), light duty commercial vehicles (5.7%), trucks (1.7%), and motorcycles (1.6%). The median measured NO x /CO 2 ratio was 3.33 g kg −1 . The median measured PN/CO 2 emission ratio for particles with diameters between 0.03 and 10 μm was 5.6 × 10 14 kg −1 . We compared our results with the Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) and the Euro 5 and Euro 6 emission standards by employing traffic counts, assuming the diesel-to-gasoline ratios of vehicles according to registration statistics, and estimating that stop-and-go traffic occurred 65% of the time. Using a conservative estimate, our median ratios exceeded the HBEFA data by more than 65% for NO x /CO and by a factor of about 100 for PN/CO 2. Furthermore, our median NO x emission per kilometer travelled (NO x km −1 ) exceeded the Euro 5 emission limit for diesel cars by a factor of 3 and exceeded the Euro 6 limit by almost a factor of 7. Additionally, our median particle number emission (PN km −1 ) exceeded the Euro 5 and Euro 6 limits of diesel cars by a factor of almost 150. These results confirm the presumption that the emissions of a real-world traffic fleet comprehensively exceed the legal limits. Very likely, the widespread presence of defeat devices in vehicle emission control systems plays a major role in this discrepancy. This has a strong impact on the apparent inability of authorities to comply with the legal limits of the NO 2 concentrations in urban air.

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“…The atmospheric pollution caused by the presence in the air of nitrogen oxides, NO x , has been recognised as one of the most serious environmental problems [1]. In the urban atmosphere NO x are one of the most common gaseous pollutants being very harmful to the human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic NOx abatement by calcium aluminate cements modified with TiO2: Improved NO2 conversion

Perez-Nicolas

Balbuena

Cruz-Yusta

et al. 2015

Cement and Concrete Research

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Photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 was studied in two types of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) under two different curing regimes. The effect of the TiO 2 addition on the setting time, consistency and mechanical properties of the CACs was evaluated. The abatement of gaseous pollutants (NO x ) under UV irradiation was also assessed. These cementitious matrices were found to successfully retain NO 2 : more abundant presence of aluminates in white cement (w-CAC, iron-lean) helped to better adsorb NO 2 , thus improving the conversion performance of the catalyst resulting in a larger NO x removal under UV irradiation. As evidenced by XRD, SEM, EDAX and zeta potential analyses, the presence of ferrite in dark cement (d-CAC, iron-reach) induced a certain chemical interaction with TiO 2 . The experimental findings suggest the formation of new iron titanate phases, namely pseudobrookite. The reduced band-gap energy of these compounds compared with that of TiO 2 accounts for the photocatalytic activity of these samples.

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Trends in NOx and NO2 emissions from road traffic in Great Britain

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Real-world vehicle emissions as measured by in situ analysis of exhaust plumes

Photocatalytic NOx abatement by calcium aluminate cements modified with TiO2: Improved NO2 conversion

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