Tri-generation Using Fuel Cells for Residential Application

Abstract

In this paper, we present a bibliographical review of tri-generation systems using renewable fuel. These systems are used to produce cold, heat and power from mainly one fuel source. This mode of operation increases overall efficiency and allows better use of the input fuel. Most tri-generation systems use a fuel cell for its reliability and performance. Furthermore, fuel cells produce heat and electricity at a very high efficiency compared to classical systems. A part of produced heat is recovered to produce cold by an absorption cycle when necessary. The fuel cell can be fed by various fuels, including natural gas, hydrogen produced from renewable or biomass gasification. The overall efficiency depends on the configuration and management of the entire system. The optimal sizing of tri-generation systems is a complicated task. It generally requires two optimization algorithms, one to optimize power flows within the system and the other to optimize the size of the elements. The optimal sizing of tri-generation systems requires two optimization algorithms, one to optimize power flows within the system and the other to optimize the size of each element of the system. Between 75 and 95%, efficiency can be attained depending on the choice of production system and energy management strategy. Keywords Tri-generation • Fuel cell • Hydrogen 23.1 Introduction Typically, a tri-generation system produces electricity, heat and cooling from a single source (Fig. 23.1). Products are adjusted to meet the energy demand of a group of residences according to demand. The major advantage of tri-generation is an efficient use of produced energy, lower pollutant emissions and security of supply [11]. Fuel cell technology is integrated into tri-generation systems as it allows better control of