Tribological Performance of Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Films at Elevated Temperatures

Erdemir, Ali; Fenske, G.R.

doi:10.1080/10402009608983596

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most DLC films undergo permanent chemical and microstmctural changes at high temperatures, and hence their friction and wear behavior degrades and 3 their lifetimes shorten [17,24]. For example, above 300"C, hydrogenated DLC films graphitize and begin to wear out quickly [24]. Use of dopants (i.e., silicon, titanium, tungsten, boron) may retard the graphitization process and hence improve the durability of DLC films at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tribological performance of hydrogen-free DLC films is better in moist air, but hydrogenated DLCS provide much lower ffiction and wear in dry and inert test environments [ 18-?3 ]. Most DLC films undergo permanent chemical and microstmctural changes at high temperatures, and hence their friction and wear behavior degrades and 3 their lifetimes shorten [17,24]. For example, above 300"C, hydrogenated DLC films graphitize and begin to wear out quickly [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of source gas chemistry on tribological performance of diamond-like carbon films

Erdemir

Eryilmaz

Nilufer

et al. 2000

Diamond and Related Materials

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132

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of source gas chemistry on tribological performance of diamond-like carbon films

Erdemir

Eryilmaz

Nilufer

et al. 2000

Diamond and Related Materials

Self Cite

132

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“…It was also found that that the tribo-layer on the steel surface, which is affected by the temperature and dissolved ions, plays an important role in inhibiting direct contact and subsequent wear by a degraded DLC top-layer and the wear debris [5]. The importance of the tribo-layer on the DLC counter surface has also been demonstrated in previous work [4,[6][7][8][9]. steel [4,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of water environment on tribological properties of DLC rubbed against brass

Uchidate¹,

Li²,

Iwabuchi³

et al. 2009

Wear

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The effects of the water environment, such as temperature, dissolved ions, dissolved oxygen etc., on the tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) against brass were studied as part of the development of water-lubricated hydraulics, valves and cylinders based on metals (Fe alloys, Cu alloys etc.). A ball-on-disk type tribotester was used to examine the above various factors. DLC was deposited on stainless steel disks using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. Pure water and quasi-tap water, which imitates typical tap water sampled in Tokyo, were used to study the effects of dissolved ions. The water temperature was elevated from 20°C to 80°C. The results show that temperature as well as the dissolved ions have a major impact on friction and wear. More specifically, the coefficient of friction was increased at elevated temperatures. Also, in pure water, abrasive wear of DLC was observed due to aluminum condensation on the brass surface, whereas it was prevented in quasi-tap water since aluminum was removed from the contact region due to the dissolved ions. EPMA, XPS and AES indicated Page 2 of 28 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t that the tribo-layer on the metal surfaces, which consists of carbon and the base metal as well as some elements from water, plays an important role.

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“…Aside from the many discussions of friction and wear rate reduction in the references cited above, Erdemir and Fenske studied the hightemperature performance of both diamond and DLC films. 42 The diesel-lubricated scuffing performance of NFC coatings was investigated by Ajayi et al, who found that coated surfaces would scuff only at contact stresses high enough to deform the substrate and delaminate the film, or after the NFC was removed by wear. 43 The scuffing performance of NFC in dry sliding conditions was then tested by Alzoubi et al 44 Again, NFC was found to provide an improvement in scuffing resistance of two orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Bench Wear Testing Of Prototype Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-frictionless carbon coatings for spark-ignited direct-injected fuel systems. Final report, January 2002.

Hershberger¹,

Öztürk²,

Ajayi³

et al. 2002

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report describes an investigation by the Tribology Section of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) into the use of near-frictionless carbon (NFC) coatings for spark-ignited, direct-injected (SIDI) engine fuel systems. Direct injection is being pursued in order to improve fuel efficiency and enhance control over, and flexibility of, spark-ignited engines. SIDI technology is being investigated by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) as one route towards meeting both efficiency goals and more stringent emissions standards. Argonne's approach to these friction and wear issues was to investigate the applicability of NFC to fuel system parts. In collaboration with Delphi Automotive Systems and BP Amoco plc, Argonne carried out two tasks: optimize the deposition of NFC onto standard flats and balls as well as production fuel injectors, and perform both industry-standard lubricity tests and customized wear tests designed to simulate the engine environment. These tests were performed with several gasolines and other fuels, and the NFC performance was compared to that of uncoated parts and other commercially available coatings, all applied to production fuel injectors. Finally, to understand the wear mechanisms, Argonne applied advanced characterization techniques to the worn and unworn coatings, the steel against which they wore, and the wear debris. The industry-standard lubricity tests included the Falex ball-on-three-disc (BOTD) test, while the customized wear testing was performed in a sealed reciprocating system designed to perform fretting wear tests. Long-duration reciprocating tests were performed with a ii total sliding distance of 2 km in order to determine the steady-state performance of the NFC coatings. The worn surfaces were examined by 3D optical profilometry to determine wear rates.The advanced characterization methods applied included Raman spectroscopy and laser scanning measurement of residual stresses in the NFC coatings.In the customized reciprocating tests, comparisons between two varieties of NFC and three commercially available diamondlike carbon (DLC) coatings showed that the NFCs gave consistently high performance and were generally the best choice for reducing friction and wear, although one of the commercial DLCs achieved performance comparable to the NFCs in several individual tests. The other commercial DLCs displayed poor performance under certain conditions. In dry or ethanol-lubricated wear, NFC6 performed the best; when subjected to E85 or M85 fuel, the commercial DLC gave the best results; and NFC2 displayed the lowest friction and wear rate of the three in regular gasoline, the most relevant condition for fuel injector applications. NFC2 reduced friction in all the liquids tested, compared to tests of uncoated materials in the same fluids; NFC6 did also but not to as great an extent.The long-duration tests designed to determine the ultimate wear lifetime of the NFC coatings on injectors in current-and next-generation gasolines showed that NFC6 pro...

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Tribological Performance of Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Films at Elevated Temperatures

Cited by 84 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of source gas chemistry on tribological performance of diamond-like carbon films

Effect of source gas chemistry on tribological performance of diamond-like carbon films

Effects of water environment on tribological properties of DLC rubbed against brass

Near-frictionless carbon coatings for spark-ignited direct-injected fuel systems. Final report, January 2002.

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