Tributyrin in Inflammation: Does White Adipose Tissue Affect Colorectal Cancer?

Abstract

Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, leading to loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alterations in adipokine secretion. Lower incidence of colorectal cancer is associated with increased fibre intake. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fibres that increase production of butyrate by the intestinal microbiota. Tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on colorectal cancer. Our aim was to characterise the effects of diets rich in FOS and tributyrin within the context of a colon carcinogenesis model, and characterise possible support of tumorigenesis by WAT. C57/BL6 male mice were divided into four groups: a control group (CT) fed with chow diet and three colon carcinogenesis-induced groups fed either with chow diet (CA), tributyrin-supplemented diet (BUT), or with FOS-supplemented diet. Colon carcinogenesis decreased adipose mass in subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal tissues, while also reducing serum glucose and leptin concentrations. However, it did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α in WAT. Additionally, the supplements did not revert the colon cancer affected parameters. The BUT group exhibited even higher glucose tolerance and levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α in WAT. To conclude our study, FOS and butyrate supplements were not beneficial. In addition, butyrate worsened adipose tissue inflammation.

Tributyrin Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Health Status of Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), as Evidenced by Pathological Examination

“…TB supplementation significantly decreases the levels of TNF-a in the plasma of rats after LPS administration (47). Studies have reported that TB supplementation can increase the levels of IL-10 in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (46) and colitis+TBT mice (16), and the content of TGF-b is also increased by TB supplementation in experimental colitis (16). These results are consistent with our results and indicate that TB supplementation can improve immunocompetence by regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines.…”

“…Similarly, various previous studies have reported that TB or butyric acid supplementation in feed can also increase the production of immunoglobulins ( 13) and IFN-g (44). Furthermore, IL-10 and TGF-b are two important antiinflammatory cytokines (16,46), and TNF-a and IL-8 are two important pro-inflammatory cytokines (46). In the present study, 0.06% and 0.09% TB supplementation in feed significantly increased the levels of IL-10 and TGF-b and s i g n i fi c a n t l y d e c r e a s e d t h e l e v e l s o f T N F -a .…”

“…These results are consistent with our results and indicate that TB supplementation can improve immunocompetence by regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, in mice fed with tributyrin-supplemented diet, the levels of TNF-a have been found to be elevated principally in retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissue (46). These differing results may have occurred because of the different amounts of supplemented TB, the different durations of the experiments or the different study species.…”

Leptin–VEGF crosstalk in excess body mass and related disorders: A systematic review

“…84 Biondo et al observed that a tributyrinsupplemented diet led to increased VEGF levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice, with a diminished concentration of serum leptin caused by colon carcinogenesis. 85 In leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, lactoferrin administration led to upregulation of the expression of HIF-1A and VEGF genes. 86 In genetically obese leptin receptor-deficient diabetic mice, human amniotic membrane upregulated VEGF and promoted the healing of complex chronic wounds.…”

A novel fatty acid metabolism‐related gene signature predicts the prognosis, tumor immune properties, and immunotherapy response of colon adenocarcinoma patients

“…At the point where diet-derived signals intersect, white adipose tissue (AT) is now regarded as the major endocrine organ in the body and performs an integral function in maintaining metabolic and immunological homeostasis. 22 Up to date, various research reports have investigated the effect of diet/nutrition in CRC, with findings showing that it may perform both a causative and a preventive role in tumor growth. Apart from being a known risk factor for CRC, increased adiposity is also associated with poorer outcomes.…”