Trichoderma and Bacillus as Combined Biocontrol Agent of Moler Disease on Shallots

Abstract

Moler disease of shallot (MDS) or basal plate rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capae (Foce) is an important disease on shallot. In low land such Brebes Central Java where is one of the center production of shallots in Indonesia, the disease is the most important and harmful. The specific symptom of the disease is a twisting leaf so the farmers call it as "Moler" meaning twisting. In the fields, the disease intensity can reach over 70%. So far the disease is still difficult to control. The control development of MDS is important to do. It is understood well that biological control of disease is promising for the future of plant production. The effectiveness consistence however is one of problem in single application of biological control agent. The problem is caused by varies environmental condition in the fields that are not always favourable to biocontrol agents. To minimize the risk of failure to control, it is necessary to use the controlling agent in an integrated or combination manner. Trichoderma and Bacillus were two biocontrol agents having been studied to control plant diseases showing effective to reduce disease intensity of MDS. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of Trichoderma and Bacillus to control MDS in a combination manner. The works in vitro were conducted in laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, whereas the works in vivo were arranged by completely randomized design (CRD) with 360 plant samples. The data were analyzed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma and Bacillus in vitro had a significant effect on decreasing the growth of pathogenic Fusarium and both microorganisms were antagonistic each other. In vivo however, the antagonism was not significant. The effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus sp. to control MDS singly in vivo reached up to 34.42% and 24.76% respectively. The implication is that the couple biological control agent is possible to apply in combination manner to minimize the risk of failure in single manner application.

Effectiveness and Compatibility of Bacillus and Trichoderma in Increasing Disease Tolerance of Garlic to Basal Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae

“…Moreover, on the intensity of clove rot, the effectiveness of the combination is lower than the effectiveness of each one individually. An incompatible result had also been showed by the previous test on shallot [13].…”

Negative impact of some fungicide applications on Trichoderma harzianum as biocontrol agent of shallot moler disease

“…Efficacy value for controlling moler diseases with the treatment of T. harzianum at the planting time is 62.50 (Table 1). The effectiveness of T. harzianum as a biological control agent for moler disease has been shown in the previous studies [12][13][14]. T. harzianum has been widely reported as a biological control agent for plant diseases caused by fungi such as F. oxysporum [15][16][17][18].…”

“…Antagonistic fungi that can be used to control diseases caused by F. oxysproum f.sp. cepae is Trichoderma [10][11][12]. This study aims to evaluate the negative impact of the application of three types of synthetic chemical fungicides on Trichoderma harzianum as biological control agents for moler disease.…”

Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

“…proved effective in controlling the disease caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. capae on shallot plants [ 213 ].…”

“…Two formulations from T. citrinoviride , dustable powder and granules, were effective against B. cinerea and C. destructans in vitro. Both were effective at preventing disease caused by A. panax in ginseng plants [ 213 ].…”