Trichoderma as a biological control agent: mechanisms of action, benefits for crops and development of formulations

Saldaña-Mendoza, Salvador A.; Pacios‐Michelena, Sandra; Palácios-Ponce, Sócrates; Chávez‐González, Mónica L.; Aguilar, Cristóbal N.

doi:10.1007/s11274-023-03695-0

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…This study shows that B459 has difficulty infecting plant substrates different from the ones described by Acosta Morel et al in 2019 [8]. It also provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between microbial pathogens and their plant hosts, informing strategies for disease management and crop protection [35]. This observation is accompanied by the inability to produce toxins at 7 (for botrydial (1)) and 14 days (botcinins (5, 6)), typical of B. cinerea B05.10 (Figures 1 and 6) [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Understanding the Biology of the Harmless Isolate Botrytis cinerea B459: An Approach to Bio-Targeted Toxin Identification

Coca-Ruiz,

Cabrera-Gomez,

Torres

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic fungus responsible for grey rot disease, causes substantial economic losses. However, recent studies have discovered distinct non-sporogenic and non-infective isolates of this species, such as the B459 field strain. Examination of these isolates is particularly intriguing in the context of the development of methodological applications that could be useful in the biocontrol of this phytopathogenic species. This investigation revealed that B459 exhibited a reduced growth rate yet displayed enhanced resilience to stressors like oxidative stress agents, SDS, ethanol, and PhITC. Notably, its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acidic compounds, crucial in plant–pathogen interactions, was impacted. Bio-targeted toxin identification assays and the metabolomic study of extracts obtained from fermentations at seven and fourteen days revealed that this strain does not biosynthesize botrydial and derivatives neither botcinin family toxins. Furthermore, its inability to infect tomato fruits, grape, and gerbera petals coincides with its lack of toxin production under culture conditions typically adapted for reference strain B05.10.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Understanding the Biology of the Harmless Isolate Botrytis cinerea B459: An Approach to Bio-Targeted Toxin Identification

Coca-Ruiz,

Cabrera-Gomez,

Torres

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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“…On the other hand, the RNP and RP treatments led to a decrease in the relative abundances of Trichoderma albeit temporarily. Trichoderma species have several uses in agriculture, such as controlling soilborne plant pathogens and insect pests and contributing to soil bioremediation 90 , 91 . Previous studies have documented the negative impacts of fungicides, including mancozeb, on the sporulation of Trichoderma 92 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of mefenoxam on taxonomic and functional dynamics of nontarget fungal communities during carrot cultivation

Tagele,

Gachomo

2024

Sci Rep

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Ridomil Gold SL (45.3% a.i. mefenoxam) is a widely used chemical fungicide for the control of oomycetes. However, its impact on fungal communities remains unexplored. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of mefenoxam on the temporal dynamics of fungal taxonomic and functional diversities during carrot cultivation under four treatment groups: mefenoxam application with and without Pythium inoculation, and untreated control groups with and without Pythium inoculation. Our in vitro sensitivity assay showed that the maximum recommended concentration of mefenoxam, 0.24 ppm, did not suppress the mycelial growth of P. irregulare. At 100 ppm, mycelial growth was only reduced by 11.4%, indicating that the isolate was resistant to mefenoxam. MiSeq sequencing data revealed transient taxonomic variations among treatments 2 weeks post-treatment. Mortierella dominated the fungal community in the mefenoxam-Pythium combination treatment, as confirmed through PCR using our newly designed Mortierella-specific primers. Conversely, mefenoxam-Pythium combination had adverse effects on Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Fusarium, and decrease the overall alpha diversity. However, these compositional changes gradually reverted to those observed in the control by the 12th week. The predicted ecological functions of fungal communities in all Pythium and mefenoxam treatments shifted, leading to a decrease in symbiotrophs and plant pathogen functional groups. Moreover, the community-level physiological profiling approach, utilizing 96-well Biolog FF microplates, showed discernible variations in the utilization of 95 diverse carbon sources among the treatments. Notably, arbutin, l-arabinose, Tween 80, and succinamic acid demonstrated a strong positive association with Mortierella. Our findings demonstrate that a single application of mefenoxam at its recommended rate triggers substantial taxonomic and functional shifts in the soil fungal community. Considering this impact, the conventional agricultural practice of repeated mefenoxam application is likely to exert considerable shifts on the soil ecosystem that may affect agricultural sustainability.

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“…5) production of antimicrobial compounds (Antibiosis), Trichoderma secretes antimicrobial compounds that inhibit pathogen growth. These techniques all contribute to Trichoderma's efficacy as a biological control agent for plant diseases (Saldaña-Mendoza et al, 2023;Tyśkiewicz et al, 2022;Yao et al, 2023).…”

Section: Morphological Observation Of Antagonistic and Pathogenic Moldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism and mycoparasitism mechanism of T. harzianum against pathogenic fungus species of F. oxysporum and Capnodium sp.

Mustofa,

Hastuti

2024

Inornatus Biol. Educ. J.

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The purpose of this study was to test the ability of T. harzianum to inhibit the growth of pathogenic mold species and to determine the effectiveness of T. harzianum mold species in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic molds, as well as investigate how T. harzianum and pathogenic molds interact with each other. The Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, is where this research was conducted. The dual culture method was used for this test by using Czapek Agar (CA) medium. The isolated molds were then incubated for 4x24 hours at 25O–27OC. After that, the antagonism power was calculated. The results of macroscopic and microscopic observations were used to assess the mechanism of T. harzianum mold antagonism against pathogenic molds. The results showed that Trichoderma mold species were more resistant to the pathogenic mold Fusarium oxysporum than the pathogenic mold Capnodium. The antagonistic power of T. harzianum was 80%, with the antagonistic power of Capnodium sp. at 66.7%. The mechanism of mycoparasitism occurs when the hyphae of T. harzianum attach or entangle the hyphae of pathogenic molds, causing damage to the hyphal structure and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic molds.

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Trichoderma as a biological control agent: mechanisms of action, benefits for crops and development of formulations

Cited by 21 publications

References 114 publications

Understanding the Biology of the Harmless Isolate Botrytis cinerea B459: An Approach to Bio-Targeted Toxin Identification

Understanding the Biology of the Harmless Isolate Botrytis cinerea B459: An Approach to Bio-Targeted Toxin Identification

Evaluating the effects of mefenoxam on taxonomic and functional dynamics of nontarget fungal communities during carrot cultivation

Antagonism and mycoparasitism mechanism of T. harzianum against pathogenic fungus species of F. oxysporum and Capnodium sp.

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