Trichoderma atroviride triggers alterations at epigenetics, transcripts, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels on Fusarium graminearum

Yörük, Emre; Özkale, Evrim; Sefer, Özlem; Özsoy, Esma

doi:10.1007/s42161-022-01130-1

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…( Cabrera et al, 2020;Coninck et al, 2020;Yörük et al, 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the transcriptomewide alterations in F. graminearum treated with T. atroviride under sandwich cultures that could induce the volatile organic compoundbased antagonistic effects of Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This study revealed that a total of 87 different gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of known or unknown secondary metabolites Dual culture tests including F. graminearum against T. gamsii concluded at the sensing phase of fungi (Zapparata et al, 2021). Unlike the mycoparasitism strategy (dual confrontation cultures, "before contact") used by Zapparata et al (2021), sandwich cultures, which have been preferred in previous studies (Ramangouda et al, 2023;Yörük et al, 2022), were used in this study. These cultures can suppress in vitro growth of F. graminearum by up to 40%-50% for 7 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…on F. graminearum are only presented in a limited number of investigations. Among these, T. atroviride could be evaluated as a potential antagonistic agent against F. graminearum, as evidenced by reduced fungal biomass, decreased macroconidium quantity, induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like-process (Błaszczyk et al, 2017;Cabrera et al, 2020;Matarese et al, 2012;Yörük et al, 2022). However, the response of F. graminearum treated with T. atroviride at the transcriptomic and/or metabolomic level is not available in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we aimed to reveal T. atroviride-induced transcriptomic alterations in F. graminearum and to elucidate the biological processes underlying these changes. Linear growth rates (LGR) of FGc and FGvsTA were measured as mm/ day at the end of the seventh day of incubation (Yörük et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichoderma atroviride suppresses Fusarium graminearum by altering primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis profiling

et al. 2023

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The use of Trichoderma spp. offers an ecologically friendly tool for the struggle with mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. Here, the alterations in transcriptome level were investigated in 6‐day‐old Fusarium graminearum cultures treated with Trichoderma atroviride and nontreated with T. atroviride (FGc), using whole transcriptome sequencing to better understand the associated biological processes. Transcriptome analysis indicated a total of 55 up‐regulated genes and 728 down‐regulated genes with padj < 0.05. Enrichment analysis revealed that the up‐regulated genes were related to fatty acid biosynthesis, AMP‐dependent biosynthesis, amino acid recognition/activation processes and secondary metabolite production, whereas down‐regulated genes were involved in amino acid synthesis, oxidation–reduction processes, metal ion‐binding and metabolic/catalytic activities. Among the down‐regulated genes, the expression of pigmentation‐related genes such as aurO, gip1 and aurR2 was remarkable. Similarly, the expression levels of key enzyme‐coding genes involved in deoxynivalenol mycotoxin production were significantly decreased in the range of −1.77 and −2.94. For up‐regulated genes, nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes were notably distinguished from the remaining down‐regulated genes as these genes can be involved in biosynthesis of common secondary metabolites. The results clearly emphasize that T. atroviride repressed the biosynthesis of primary metabolites in F. graminearum while simultaneously up‐regulating the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. This is the first report showing how T. atroviride leads to transcriptome alterations and the findings suggest that T. atroviride could serve as an effective fungus by employing a wide variety of strategies against phytopathogenic fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichoderma atroviride suppresses Fusarium graminearum by altering primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis profiling

et al. 2023

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“…We found that methanol extract induced antioxidant mechanism and apoptosis while suppressing trichothecene biosynthesis. Similarly, there are some reports of increased cat and mst20 levels and decreased tri5 level in determining the antifungal activity of the compounds (Gazdağlı et al, 2018;Shao et al, 2021;Teker et al, 2021;Xiu et al, 2021;Yörük et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Investigation of the antifungal activity of lichen (Usnea longissima) extracts against Fusarium graminearum

TAGHİYEVA

Dülger

Yörük

et al. 2022

Anatolian Journal of Botany

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The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects and molecular changes caused by Usnea longissima Ach. extracts against Fusarium greaminearum. In agar well diffusion assay, the zone of inhibition increased as the concentration increased in both of methanol and acetone extracts (1, 10, 20 and 50 mg/ml). In terms of bioactivities, 1 mg/ml was active, while other concentrations were very active. At the molecular level, changes caused by 50 mg/ml methanol extract was analyzed by qPCR with terms of cat, mst20, and tri5 genes, which are associated with antioxidation, apoptosis, and trichothecene production, respectively. Transcript levels of tri5 decreased (0.29 fold) while cat (2.41 fold) and mst20 (1.48 fold) increased. Findings from this study showed that U. longissima extracts could be natural antifungal agent against worldwide phytopathogen F. graminearum.

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Determining the biocontrol capacities of Trichoderma spp. originating from Turkey on Fusarium culmorum by transcriptional and antagonistic analyses

Sefer,

Özsoy,

Yörük

et al. 2023

Front. Fungal Biol.

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In this study aiming to investigate potential fungal biocontrol agents for Fusarium culmorum, several isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic effects by means of transcriptional analyses. At first, 21 monosporic Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from natural wood debris and wood area soils in Manisa, Turkey. Trichoderma spp. Isolates were identified as belonging to four different species (T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. brevicompactum) by tef1-α sequencing. Then, the linear growth rate (LGR) of each species was calculated and determined to be in a range between 13.22 ± 0.71 mm/day (T. atroviride TR2) and 25.06 ± 1.45 mm/day (T. harzianum K30). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping validated the tef1-α sequencing results by presenting two sub-clusters in the dendrogram. We determined the genetically most similar (TR1 & TR2; 97.77%) and dissimilar (K9 & K17; 40.40%) individuals belonging to the same and different species, respectively. Dual sandwich culture tests (which are useful for antagonism studies) revealed that T. harzianum K21 (the least suppressive) and T. brevicompactum K26 (the most suppressive) isolates suppressed F. culmorum with growth rates of 3% and 46%, respectively. Expressions of genes previously associated with mycoparasitism-plant protection-secondary metabolism (nag1, tgf-1, and tmk-1) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both those isolates. While there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in expression that were present in the K21 isolate, those three genes were upregulated with fold change values of 2.69 ± 0.26 (p<0.001), 2.23 ± 0.16 (p<0.001), and 5.38 ± 2.01 (p<0.05) in K26, meaning that the presence of significant alteration in the physiological processes of the fungus. Also, its mycoparasitism potential was tested on Triticum aestivum L. cv Basribey in planta, which was infected with the F. culmorum FcUK99 strain. Results of the trials, including specific plant growth parameters (weight or length of plantlets), confirmed the mycoparasitic potential of the isolate. It can be concluded that (i) nag1, tgf-1, and tmk-1 genes could be approved as reliable markers for evaluation of BCA capacities of Trichoderma spp. and (ii) the T. brevicompactum K26 strain can be suggested as a promising candidate for combating in F. culmorum diseases following the necessary procedures to ensure it is non-hazardous and safe.

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Trichoderma atroviride triggers alterations at epigenetics, transcripts, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels on Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Trichoderma atroviride suppresses Fusarium graminearum by altering primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis profiling

Trichoderma atroviride suppresses Fusarium graminearum by altering primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis profiling

Investigation of the antifungal activity of lichen (Usnea longissima) extracts against Fusarium graminearum

Determining the biocontrol capacities of Trichoderma spp. originating from Turkey on Fusarium culmorum by transcriptional and antagonistic analyses

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