Triglyceride Glucose Index Increases Significantly Risk of Hypertension Development in Chinese Individuals Aged ≥45 Years Old: Analysis from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Objective Our purpose was to explore the relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the risk of new-onset hypertension in Chinese individuals aged ≥45 years. Methods From 2011 to 2018, data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) were analyzed. The relationship between TyG index and hypertension was assessed utilizing Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot, and the importance of the TyG index in hypertension development was demonstrated by a random forest machine learning model. Finally, subgroup analysis was conducted to test for potential interactions on hypertension development between the TyG index and subgroups. Results 19.7% of the 4755 individuals who were involved in this survey developed hypertension over an average follow-up period of 5.22 years. Compared with the first quartile of albumin, the multivariate HR (95% CI) for the risk of new-onset hypertension across the TyG index quartiles was 1.09 (0.89, 1.33), 1.09 (0.89, 1.33), and 1.29 (1.06, 1.58), respectively ( P for trend <0.001). The RCS plot revealed a linear relationship ( P for nonlinear = 0.322), and the random forest machine learning model illustrated that the TyG index was a significant hazard factor on hypertension development. There was no interaction between subgroups and the relationships of the TyG index with the prevalence of hypertension (all P -value >0.05). Conclusion TyG index was an independent hazard indicator for new-onset hypertension, and routine measurement and control of TyG index level might be great for preventing hypertension development.

Positive association of triglyceride-glucose index with new-onset hypertension among adults: a national cohort study in China

“…Zheng et al [19] also conducted another single-center, longitudinal study with 4,686 subjects followed up for 9 years, and demonstrated that TyG index could predict incident hypertension among the Chinese population. Of note, another study [28] reached a similar conclusion using a national cohort, but it was limited to middle-aged and older adults over 45 years. In addition, in a recent meta-analysis of 8 studies involving 200,044 general adult participants [43], the relative risk of hypertension was higher for the highest category of TyG index compared with the lowest.…”

“…Previous research, however, has primarily focused on the association between TyG index and the incidence of prediabetes [12], diabetes [13], cardiovascular events [14,15], and all-cause mortality [16,17]. Very limited studies were conducted to explore the association of TyG index with new-onset hypertension [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. More importantly, these studies found inconsistence in their findings, including positive [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27] and non-significant [25,26] associations.…”

“…In addition, these studies were either limited to cross-sectional study designs, or single-center studies, or did not assess TyG index as a continuous variable. Only three prospective studies reported a positive association of TyG index and hypertension [18,19,28]. However, these two studies were both single-center studies and lacked regional representation.…”

Association of hypertension with the triglyceride–glucose index and its associated indices in the Chinese population: A 6‐year prospective cohort study

“…7 Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of cohort studies that particularly investigate the relationship between the TyG index and high blood pressure. [8][9][10][11][12] Additionally, obesity has been linked to IR and hypertension. 13,14 Obesity indicators, such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, have been widely used due to their convenient utilization.…”

“…Accumulating evidence indicates a correlation between the TyG index and cardiovascular disease 7 . Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of cohort studies that particularly investigate the relationship between the TyG index and high blood pressure 8–12 …”