Triglyceride structure of human milk fat

Abstract

BWECKENR~GE, W. C., MAMI, L., AND KUKSIS, A. Triglyceride structure of human milk fat. Can. J. Biochem. 47, 761-7669 (11969).The triglycerides of the fat globules of human milk were resolved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The chemical structure of the glycerides was determined by gas chromatography of the glycerides and fatty acids and by a stereospecific analysis of total milk fat sampk. The major triglycerides of human milk fat contained 48-54 acyl carbons which were made up sf Ci2-Ffa acids of various degrees of unsaturation. The fully saturated triglywrides (6-873 contained mainly SPB-glycerol 1-stearate 2-palmitate esterified at position 3 with Cae-Cas acids. The monoensic triglycerides (25-2'6" %) were comprised mainly of sn-glycerol 1-oleate Zpalmitate esterified at position 3 t s Ci2-Cas acids, as well as their rammates. The dienes (2433%) were made up largely of sn-glycerol 1-stearate 2,3=dioleate and %-palmitate 83-diokate. The trienes (18-20%) contained mostly sn-glycerol 8,2,3-triokate and 1-sleate Zpalmitate 3-linoleate. The tetraenes (7-21 %) were identified as mainly S P B -~I~C~~O I 1 ,Zdioleate 3-linoleate and I -palmitate 2,3-dilholeate. Arachidsnic acid was found in the polyene fraction (6 %) in the Zpodtion, while the linolenic acid was preferentially associated with position 3 of the tetraenes.

Actual Ratio of Triacylglycerol Positional Isomers in Milk and Cheese

“…In the case of TAG consisting of two oleic acids and one palmitic acid, palmitic acid mainly locates at the β position of human milk β-OPO: 75 and rat milk β-OPO: 73 . This result is consistent with the report by Breckenridge et al 28 and also interpreted to mean that the location of oleic acid at the α position was important because the β-PPO was dominant in TAGs consisting of two palmitic acids and one oleic acid. In fact, the importance of the palmitic acid location at the β position in TAG has already been advocated by many researchers of human infant nutrition 11,12 .…”

Abundances of Triacylglycerol Positional Isomers and Enantiomers Comprised of a Dipalmitoylglycerol Backbone and Short- or Medium-chain Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk Fat

“…In addition, the milk fat of ruminants such as BMF distinctively contains short-and medium-chain fatty acids SCFAs and MCFAs , including butyric acid C 4 , caproic acid C 6 , and caprylic acid C 8 ; these fatty acids are esterified predominantly at the sn-3 position 10,12 . Similar trends are observed in rat milk fat RMF and human milk fat HMF 13,14 . Although RMF and HMF do not contain C 4 -C 6 and C 4 -C 8 , respectively, the C 8 in RMF, and the capric acid C 10 and lauric acid C 12 in HMF, which are shorter fatty acids in their respective milk fats, are mainly bound to the sn-3 positions.…”

Tolerance and Efficacy of Infant Formula with High Sn-2 Palmitate in Formula-Fed Chinese Term Infants: an Open Label, Controlled Trial

“…The high content of saturated fatty acids in breast milk is easily absorbed by infants. The majority of those saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid (C16:0), which constitutes 17% to 25% of the fatty acids in mature human milk interestingly, 70% to 75% of the palmitic acid are esterified to the sn-2 (ß) position of the triglyceride [1]. This preferential positioning is highly conserved in all women, regardless of their ethnic origin or nutrition and is probably responsible for the easy absorption of the highly saturated fatty acids in human milk [2].…”