Triple helix on globalization: A case study of the China International Nanotech Innovation Cluster

Abstract

Nanotechnology is considered to be a key technology that has an important influence on the emergence and development of a series of high-technologies in the 21st century. Due to its multidisciplinary nature, nanotechnology requires extensive multi-sector collaborations to foster more efficient development outcomes. This paper proposed a novel triple helix model to analyse the globalization of China’s nanotechnology innovation. This analytical framework will include three main aspects: first, the independent and interactive relationship among universities, governments, and industries; second, the vertical progress of globalization; and third, some influential innovative elements throughout the process. Afterwards, we demonstrate the model via a case study on the China International Nanotech Innovation Cluster. Finally, the paper summarizes the propelling roles and active impact three main entities played in the nanotechnology globalization process, as well as the trend and challenge of globalization. Findings offer helpful implications for the triple helix innovation in other industries.

Triple Helix and Decentralization Approach: Management of School Operational Assistance Funds

“…Higher education has an interest in encouraging the birth of innovation [27] and the quality of prospective students who will continue to university. This industry has an interest in driving the needs of labour and entrepreneurship [6], [26], [30]. District governments have an interest in budget policy allocation [33].…”

“…They must understand business ethics [29] and workforce needs in business and industry. Business and industry as a centre for entrepreneurship incubators [26], [30]. Businesses and industries have an interest in acquiring company assets and taking opportunities and collaboration benefits [31], specifically the required human resource standards [32].…”

The Influence of Innovation Resources in Higher Education Institutions on the Development of Sci-Tech Parks’ Enterprises in the Urban Innovative Districts at the Stage of Urbanization Transformation

“…An innovation district is characterized by intensive technology, active innovation, and supporting facilities such as office buildings, commercial apartments, residential buildings, and retail centers, and presents characteristics such as compactness, convenient transportation, and smooth communication networks [41]. Scholars have studied the concept, connotation, evolution, characteristics, and types of urban innovative space; also, they performed further analysis from the perspectives of industrial structure, functional system, organizational connection, and evaluation [42][43][44]. There are also many successful cases including 22@ Barcelona (Spain), Boston (USA), Macquarie Park (Australia), One-North (Singapore), and Toronto (Canada) innovation districts [41].…”

Developing Joint R&D Institutes between Chinese Universities and International Enterprises in China’s Innovation System: A Case at Tsinghua University

“…The joint R&D institutes' mandates, operations and activities reflect the interests of both their affiliated universities and their external international sponsors. Moreover, their organizational formalities are more flexible than departmental structures and can be adjusted to increase the universities' adaptations and responsiveness to the demands of the external community [11,12].Since the mid-1990s, when an increasing number of international enterprises started to move better paid and more brain-intensive labor to China, Chinese research universities have become the primary R&D partners for these enterprises [13][14][15], and joint R&D institutes have become one of their most important forms of partnership [16][17][18][19]. As of 2016, international enterprises had established more than 1800 R&D institutes in China [20].…”

“…Since the mid-1990s, when an increasing number of international enterprises started to move better paid and more brain-intensive labor to China, Chinese research universities have become the primary R&D partners for these enterprises [13][14][15], and joint R&D institutes have become one of their most important forms of partnership [16][17][18][19]. As of 2016, international enterprises had established more than 1800 R&D institutes in China [20].…”