Triploid Atlantic salmon growth is negatively affected by communal ploidy rearing during seawater grow-out in tanks

Taylor, John F.; Bozzolla, Pierre; Frenzl, Benedikt; Matthew, Chessor; Hunter, Dougie; Migaud, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.014

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Specifically, LJD is a downward curvature of the lower jaw involving dentary and glossohyal bones [1, 2]. LJD has been frequently observed and identified in both freshwater and seawater phases of production in all countries producing Atlantic salmon at/with different prevalence between years and populations [3–9]. Although LJD can occur in diploid populations at very low prevalence, LJD was linked to triploid Atlantic salmon in all recent studies cited above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2016

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Lower jaw deformity (LJD) is a skeletal anomaly affecting farmed triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) which leads to considerable economic losses for industry and has animal welfare implications. The present study employed transcriptome analysis in parallel with real-time qPCR techniques to characterise for the first time the LJD condition in triploid Atlantic salmon juveniles using two independent sample sets: experimentally-sourced salmon (60 g) and commercially produced salmon (100 g). A total of eleven genes, some detected/identified through the transcriptome analysis (fbn2, gal and gphb5) and others previously determined to be related to skeletal physiology (alp, bmp4, col1a1, col2a1, fgf23, igf1, mmp13, ocn), were tested in the two independent sample sets. Gphb5, a recently discovered hormone, was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in LJD affected fish in both sample sets, suggesting a possible hormonal involvement. In-situ hybridization detected gphb5 expression in oral epithelium, teeth and skin of the lower jaw. Col2a1 showed the same consistent significant (P < 0.05) down-regulation in LJD suggesting a possible cartilaginous impairment as a distinctive feature of the condition. Significant (P < 0.05) differential expression of other genes found in either one or the other sample set highlighted the possible effect of stage of development or condition progression on transcription and showed that anomalous bone development, likely driven by cartilage impairment, is more evident at larger fish sizes. The present study improved our understanding of LJD suggesting that a cartilage impairment likely underlies the condition and col2a1 may be a marker. In addition, the involvement of gphb5 urges further investigation of a hormonal role in LJD and skeletal physiology in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it seems to occur mostly during the freshwater phase, onset of LJD can occur at any time in development and prevalence and severity (i.e. worsening of the downward curvature) can increase over time [3, 4, 7–9, 11, 14, 15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2016

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“…Maxime (2008) menciona que cultivando los triploides de forma comunal es la mejor manera de observar si realmente los triploides crecen o no más rápido que sus contrapartes diploides, ya que de esta forma se eliminan las posibles diferencias entre estanques. En general se ha observado un pobre desempeño de peces triploides bajo cultivo comunal (Cassani & Caton, 1986;Carter et al, 1994;Galbreath et al, 1994;Derayat et al, 2013;Taylor et al, 2014). Este crecimiento inferior por parte de los peces triploides se ha atribuido a la competencia por recursos dentro del estanque, la cual expone la baja agresividad y habilidad por competir por alimento por parte de los triploides (Utter et al, 1983;Cassani & Caton, 1986;Fast, 1998;Maxime, 2008).…”

Section: Crecimientounclassified

Fisiologia de los peces triploides

Alcántar‐Vázquez

2016

lajar

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RESUMEN.La triploidía se ha convertido en una herramienta recomendable para la acuicultura, ya que los problemas asociados con la maduración gonadal pueden ser eliminados o bien reducidos mediante la producción de peces triploides, los cuales son funcionalmente estériles. Aunque la posibilidad de esterilizar una gran cantidad de individuos ha convertido a la triploidía en un tema relevante económicamente, los cambios fisiológicos provocados por la adición de un tercer juego de cromosomas, ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiar procesos básicos en peces con diferente nivel de ploidía. A nivel fisiológico, la triploidía está estrechamente relacionada con el incremento del tamaño celular y sus repercusiones en varios procesos metabólicos y bioquímicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las principales consecuencias fisiológicas reportadas para peces marinos y dulceacuícolas, resultado de la inducción a la triploidía. Comprender estas consecuencias es de vital importancia para maximizar el desempeño de los peces triploides durante el cultivo. Palabras clave: triploidía, esterilidad, tamaño celular, crecimiento, eritrocito, desarrollo gonadal. Physiology of triploid fishABSTRACT. Triploidy has become a recommended tool for aquaculture since problems associated with gonadal maturation can be eliminated or reduced by producing triploid fish, which are functionally sterile. Although the possibility of sterilizing a large number of individuals has helped for triploidy to become an important issue economically, the physiological changes caused by the addition of a third set of chromosomes provides the opportunity to study basic processes in fish with a higher ploidy status. At physiological level the consequences of triploidy are closely related to the increase of cell size and its subsequent impact on various metabolic and biochemical processes. The aim of this work is to describe the main physiological consequences reported for marine and freshwater fishes resulting from the induction of triploidy. Understanding these consequences is of vital importance to maximize the performance of triploid fish under culture.

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“…However, the mentioned theory was not proven for some species such as Atlantic salmon (Taylor et al, 2014) and Gadus morhua L. (Derayat et al, 2013;Ottera et al, 2016), which showed a lower growth performance of triploid compared to diploid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: growth performance and gonadal development

Ibrahim¹,

Soelistyowati²,

Carman³

2017

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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This study was aimed to evaluate the growth performance and gonadal development of diploid and triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Triploids were produced through a heat shock method at 42 °C for two min, at two min after fertilization. Before treatment performed, group of triploid and diploid were separated through nucleolus counting confirmed cromoseme counting. Five individual of each group at the age of nine months were tagged and reared for two months. Parameter of growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate were analysed using independent-samples t-test at confidence interval 95%, while gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonad histology were analysed descriptively. No significant differences were observed between diploid and triploid fish in terms of growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate (P>0.05) during the two months rearing period, while GSI was higher in diploid (P<0.05) compared to triploid females. Histological observations of triploid female gonads showed early development stage, indicating sterility through symptoms such as oocytes degradation and abnormal development. Meanwhile, male gonad developed faster compared to female as spermatids were found in several lobules. As conclusion, diploid and triploid striped catfish P. hypophthalmus growth performance did not differ up to the age of 11 months, although some sterility symptoms were observed in both male and female.Keywords: diploid, triploid, growth, gonad, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gonad ikan patin siam Pangasianodon hypophthalmus diploid dan triploid. Triploid diproduksi dengan kejut suhu panas pada suhu 42 °C selama dua menit, pada dua menit setelah fertilisasi. Sebelum pengujian, kelompok diploid dan triploid dipisahkan dengan menganalisis jumlah nukleolus yang dikonfirmasi dengan penghitungan jumlah kromosom. Masing-masing lima ekor ikan diploid dan triploid pada umur sembilan bulan ditandai dan dipelihara selama dua bulan. Parameter pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, dan kelangsungan hidup dianalisis menggunakan independent-samples t-test pada selang kepercayaan 95% sedangkan gonadosomatik indeks (GSI) dan histologi gonad dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, dan kelangsungan hidup antara diploid dan triploid selama dua bulan pemeliharaan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05). Nilai GSI diploid lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan triploid, baik pada jantan maupun betina. Hasil histologi menunjukkan bahwa gonad ikan patin betina masih pada tahap perkembangan awal. Namun, indikasi steril terlihat dengan adanya degradasi oosit dan perkembangannya yang terganggu. Gonad jantan berkembang lebih cepat dibandingkan betina, dengan ditemukannya spermatid pada beberapa lobule. Gonad jantan triploid menunjukkan adanya gejala sterilitas tetapi tidak permanen, sebagian masih mampu berkembang hingga fase spermatid, namun jumlahnya lebih sedikit dibandingkan diploid. Be...

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Triploid Atlantic salmon growth is negatively affected by communal ploidy rearing during seawater grow-out in tanks

Cited by 38 publications

References 80 publications

Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Fisiologia de los peces triploides

Triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: growth performance and gonadal development

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