Triploid plants from endosperm cultures of sandalwood by experimental embryogenesis

Sita, G. Lakshmi; Ram, N. V. Raghava; Vaidyanathan, C.S.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(80)90070-x

Cited by 52 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is reported that during germination the embryo releases certain gibberellin like substances, which may promote the endosperm proliferation (Ogawa 1964;Ingale and Hageman 1965). However, the mature endosperms of Achras sapota (Bapat and Narayanaswamy 1977), Santalum album (Lakshmi Sita et al 1980), Emblica officinalis (Sehgal and Khurana 1985) and Juglans regia (Cheema and Mehra 1982;Tulecke et al 1988) could proliferate without the association of embryo or pre-soaking of them in GA 3 .…”

Section: The Embryo Factormentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Addition of IAA and Kn improved the response further (Bajaj et al 1980). Emergence of embryos from endosperm calli were observed in Nigella damascena (Sethi and Rangaswamy 1976), Petroselinum hortense (Masuda et al 1977), Citrus grandis (Wang and Chang 1978), Prunus persica (Liu and Liu 1980), Santalum album (Lakshmi Sita et al 1980), Juglans regia (Tulecke et al 1988), Coffea sp. (Raghuramalu 1989), Citrus sinensis (Gmitter et al 1990) and Acacia nilotica (Garg et al 1996).…”

Section: Actinidia Deliciosamentioning

confidence: 95%

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Endosperm culture: a novel method for triploid plant production

Thomas

Chaturvedi

2008

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Triploid nature of endosperm is the characteristic feature of angiosperms and is formed as a result of triple fusion. Present review discusses the morphogenic response and production of triploid plantlets by endosperm culture. Both mature and immature endosperm used for culture initiation responded differently in cultures. A key factor for the induction of cell divisions in mature endosperm cultures is the initial association of embryo but immature endosperms proliferate independent of embryo. In almost all the parasitic angiosperms, endosperm shows a tendency of direct differentiation of organs without prior callusing, whereas in autotrophic taxa the endosperm usually forms callus tissue followed by differentiation of shoot buds, roots or embryos. The endosperm tissue often shows a high degree of chromosomal variations and polyploidy. Mitotic irregularities, chromosome bridges and laggards are the other important characteristics of endosperm tissues. Triploids are usually seed sterile and is undesirable for plants where seeds are commercially useful. However, in cases where seedlessness is employed to improve the quality of fruits as in banana, apple, citrus, grapes, papaya etc. the induction of triploid plants would be of immense use. Triploid plants have more vigorous vegetative growth than their diploid counterparts. Hence, in plants where the vegetative parts are economically useful, triploids are of good use. This review focuses on the progress achieved so far in endosperm culture to obtain triploid plants.

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Section: The Embryo Factormentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Actinidia Deliciosamentioning

confidence: 95%

Endosperm culture: a novel method for triploid plant production

Thomas

Chaturvedi

2008

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…On the other hand, vegetative propagation is accomplished by grafting, air layering, and with root suckers, but the production of clones is inefficient and time consuming (Srimati et al 1995). Previous reports on in vitro propagation have focused on adventitious bud regeneration from in vitro grown seedling explants: hypocotyl (Bapat and Rao 1978;Rao and Bapat 1992), endosperm (Sita et al 1979), zygotic embryo (Rai and McComb 2002), and somatic embryogenesis through a callus phase (Sita et al 1980). Although small numbers of plants were regenerated, the methods are still a long way from being optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Micropropagation of an endangered Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Sanjaya

Muthan

Rathore

et al. 2006

Journal of Forest Research

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Santalum album is known as East Indian sandalwood. It is the most economically important tree harvested for heartwood oil, and India is among the chief exporters of sandalwood and its products. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal shoot segments derived from a 50-to 60-year-old candidate plus tree (CPT) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.53 mM a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 11.09 mM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In vitro differentiated shoots were multiplied on MS medium with 0.53 mM NAA, 4.44 mM BA, and additives: 283.93 mM ascorbic acid, 118.10 mM citric acid, 104.04 mM cystine, 342.24 mM glutamine, and 10% (v/v) coconut milk. New shoots were harvested repeatedly for up to three subculture passages on fresh medium at 4-week intervals. Microshoots treated with 98.4 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 48 h produced roots on growth-regulator-free, quarter-strength MS basal salts medium with vitamin B 5 and 2% sucrose. In vitro root induction was achieved from microshoots pulsed with 1230 mM IBA for 30 min in soilrite rooting medium. The percentage of rooting in soilrite was higher than that for agar medium, and in vitro raised plants were established in the field and showed normal growth.

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“…Sandalwood regeneration via somatic embryogenesis has generally been accomplished using different seed-or seedling-derived explants, including shoot tips (Bapat and Rao 1979;Lakshmi Sita et al 1979;Lakshmi Sita and Sobha 1983;Rugkhla and Jones 1998), mature embryos (Rao and Rangaswamy 1971;Rai and McComb 2002), endosperm (Lakshmi Sita et al 1980), or hypocotyls (Das et al 2001. Somatic embryos (SEs) were also obtained from a cell suspension culture on MS medium containing 0.1 or 1 mg/l BA (Rao and Ozias-Akins 1985;Bapat and Rao 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%