Triterpenoids with Promoting Effects on the Differentiation of PC12 Cells from the Steamed Roots of Panax notoginseng

Abstract

The roots of Panax notoginseng, an important Chinese medicinal plant, have been used traditionally in both the raw and processed forms, due to the different chemical constituents and bioactivities found. Thirty-eight dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the steam-processed roots of P. notoginseng, including 18 new substances, namely, notoginsenosides SP1-SP18 (1-18). The structures of 1-18 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and acidic hydrolysis. The absolute configuration of the hydroxy group at C-24 in 1-4, 19, and 20 was determined in each case by Mo2(AcO)4-induced circular dichroism. The new compounds were found to feature a diversity of highly oxygenated side chains, formed by hydrolysis of the C-20 sugar moiety followed by dehydration, dehydrogenation, epoxidation, hydroxylation, or methoxylation of the main saponins in the raw roots. The new saponins 1, 2, 6-8, 14, and 17 and the known compounds 20-27 showed promoting effects on the differentiation of PC12 cells, at a concentration of 10 μM.

Steamed Panax notoginseng Attenuates Anemia in Mice With Blood Deficiency Syndrome via Regulating Hematopoietic Factors and JAK-STAT Pathway

“…After the modeling, there was an obvious change in the appearance of mice, including hair loss, movement retardation, and weight loss, with the significant decrease in the peripheral WBC, RBC, Hb, and PLT, which are characteristic clinical manifestations of blood deficiency as well as anemia (Sun et al, 2016). With the H-SPN and FEJ treatments, the decrease of peripheral blood cells was reversed significantly (Figure 1), suggesting that H-SPN and FEJ could enhance the hematopoietic effect of mice with BDS, consistent with the traditional use of SPN and FEJ to tonify the blood (Gu et al, 2015). Meanwhile, M-SPN and L-SPN could not increase the numbers of RBC, Hb and PLT significantly, suggesting that a higher dosage of SPN was required to achieve a more obvious therapeutic effect, which was consistent with our previous study (Xiong et al, 2017a).…”

Triterpenoids

“…112 Dammarane saponins with known genins include actinostemmosides I and J, from Actinostemma lobatum, 113 cyclocarioside K from Cyclocarya paliurus, 106 20S-ginsenoside RF 2 from Panax ginseng, 114 notoginsenosides SP5-SP18 (ref. 103) and notoginsenosides ST6, ST11 and ST12 from Panax notoginseng 104 and saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum 115 and Panax ginseng. [116][117][118] The current knowledge of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of saponins from Panax notoginseng has been surveyed.…”

Sense Ginsenosides From Ginsengs: Structure-Activity Relationship in Autophagy

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some transformed saponins were isolated from the steamed root or leaf of ginsengs. [21][22][23][24][25] In general, the ginsenosides are classified into dammarane, oleanane, and OCT types (Figure 1). Dammarane-type compounds with either a PPD or PPT aglycon are the main chemical constituents of the 3 ginsengs (Figure 1).…”

“…To date, over 60 transformed saponins have been reported in steamed notoginseng. 21,[28][29][30] Herein, we take transformed saponins of steamed notoginseng as an example to explain the transformation progress of ginsenosides during steaming. The C-20 sugar residue is easy to eliminate during steaming, while the C-3 sugar is difficult to hydrolyze.…”

“…74 It is a regret that few publications have reported the C-17 side-chain varied type saponins with an effect on autophagy, although some of them showed promising biological activity. 29 An SAR analysis of C-17 side-chain varied type saponins is unavailable.…”