Trivalent dopants on ZnO semiconductor obtained by mechanical milling

High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material

“…A number of workers have produced this material using the same technique, [21][22][23][24][25] but some of the modifications observed in this study have not been reported earlier. These include the final shapes of the nanoparticles, which became quite spherical ( Figure 3E1).…”

“…Recently, mechanical milling has proved to be an effective and simple technique without involving high temperature treatment for the production of nanocrystalline powders, with the possibility of obtaining large quantities of materials with modified properties. [21][22][23][24][25] In this technique, starting powder particles are trapped between highly kinetic colliding balls and the inner surface of the vial, which causes repeated deformation, rewelding, and fragmentation of premixed powders resulting in the formation of fine, dispersed particles in the grain-refined matrix. During the milling operation, two essential processes affect the particle characteristics.…”

Fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic activity of La-doped ZnO nanowires

“…It is accepted that surface area and surface defects play an important role in photocatalytic activities of metal oxide, which could be attributed to the variation of the surface area, surface defects and band gap caused by the incorporation of dopant ions. It was reported that the surface conditions of ZnO were modified with the incorporation of dopant ions and its photocatalytic properties were greatly enhanced [13][14][15]. In the present work, La 3+ -doped ZnO nanowires were synthesized via a solvothermal synthesis route and the photocatalytic activities of pure and La 3+ -doped ZnO samples with different doping concentrations were evaluated.…”

Al-doped ZnO mechanical milled powders for dye sensitized cells

“…Fitting procedure with three different lifetime components yield good results. The obtained positron annihilation lifetime parameters are shown in Table 1, together with the corresponding ones for undoped ZnO milled powders [18] and Al-doped ones [22]. The longlive lifetime (around 1 ns with less than 1% of intensity) corresponds to positron annihilation in the surroundings of the source.…”

“…These preliminary results [21] showed that ternary oxides of the form Zn 1−x Fe x O can be obtained by this method. Also in a previous work [22], we have successfully obtained the ternary Zn 1−x Al x O oxide using Al metal and ZnO as starting materials. Al is a trivalent dopant so it will be interesting to use its oxide as precursor and compare the obtained final product for both cases.…”