Tropical climates at the Last Glacial Maximum: a new synthesis of terrestrial palaeoclimate data. I. Vegetation, lake-levels and geochemistry

Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate, and plant diversity in Amazonia

“…Recently, Stute et al (1995) concluded on the basis of the analysis of noble gases and the age of groundwater that average cooling for the LGM in northeastern Brazil at 400 m altitude was on the order of 5.4$0.63C, and the LGM SST in the area were calculated to have been 53C lower than today. All these data together suggest a maximum temperature lowering for the tropical lowland of northern South America on the order of 4}53C (Farrera et al, 1999;Bush et al, 2000).…”

Contrasting simulated past and future responses of the Amazonian forest to atmospheric change

“…More comprehensive syntheses of LGM terrestrial palaeoclimate data by Farrera et al (1999) and Harrison & Prentice (2003) conclude that tropical cooling was in fact far from spatially uniform, even in the lowlands, and therefore large-scale extrapolated interpretations based upon individual sites should be made with caution. In this case, there remain few palaeoclimate data that provide temperature information for the spatial majority of the LGM Amazon Basin.…”

A paleotemperature record derived from dissolved noble gases in groundwater of the Aquia Aquifer (Maryland, USA)

“…So far, noble gas studies have provided rather uniform results of ϳ5°C for the LGM-Holocene temperature change in the tropics and subtropics (for a review see Farrera et al, 1999). Temperature differences of ϳ5 to 7°C were found in studies at higher latitudes in Europe (e.g., Andrews and Lee, 1979;Andrews et al, 1985;Rudolph et al, 1984;Beyerle et al, 1998).…”