Tropical Infections in the Context of Kidney Transplantation in Latin America

Abstract

Reports on tropical infections among kidney transplant (KT) recipients have increased in recent years, mainly because of the growing number of KT programs located in tropical and subtropical areas, and greater mobility or migration between different areas of the world. Endemic in emerging and developing regions, like most countries in Latin America, tropical infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Tropical infections in KT recipients may exhibit different pathways for acquisition compared with those in nonrecipients, such as transmission through a graft and reactivation of a latent infection triggered by immunosuppression. Clinical presentation may differ compared with that in immunocompetent patients, and there are also particularities in diagnostic aspects, treatment, and prognosis. KT patients must be screened for latent infections and immunized properly. Last, drug–drug interactions between immunosuppressive agents and drugs used to treat tropical infections are an additional challenge in KT patients. In this review, we summarize the management of tropical infections in KT patients.

Barriers toward xenotransplantation in Arab World

“…Endemic infections in Arab region are a major concern in the post‐transplant management. Post‐transplant infections and their management are not fully covered in studies done in developed countries, whereas in the Arab countries these studies are still lacking, although risk of infection is present and may be higher than developed countries 99 . Hence, knowledge about post‐transplant infectious risk, its prediction, prevention, and management during xenotransplantation are restricted in the absence of prior knowledge about the state of infectious disease in the post‐transplant immunocompromised host 100 …”