Trypanocidal Activity and Increased Solubility of Benznidazole Incorporated in PEG 4000 and Its Derivatives

Abstract

Selecting a polymer depends on its characteristics, the properties of the drug and of the remaining ingredients in the formulation. The drug, when incorporated into a polymeric matrix, can show several advantages when compared with its conventional form. In this context, this work describes the preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and its derivative particles loaded with benznidazole, as well as evaluates their trypanocidal activity. In this work, reactions to modify the PEG 4000 polymer and the subsequent incorporation of the benznidazole were made. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the efficiency in modifying the PEG chains. The morphology of polymeric films was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and showed considerable changes on the film organization. The acetylation of PEG favored the stability of the system and an increase in the zeta potential from -14.83 to -25.54 mV was observed. Although encapsulation efficiency values between 30.14 and 39.48% were found, the enhanced benznidazole dissolution profile by microparticles enables the use of lower drug concentrations. This fact can be proven by the increased trypanocidal effect of benznidazole when encapsulated in BP3 microparticles. Finally, the high selectivity of the formulations for trypanocidal action guarantees their safety as an alternative for the treatment of the Chagas disease.

Benznidazole-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Oral Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Chagas Disease

“…The acetylated PEG 4000 production yield was calculated as the ratio between the quantity of resulting particles and the total quantity of starting material. Following separation of the phases utilizing the same apparatus, the organic phase was subjected to drying at 40 °C to obtain acetylated PEG 4000 [ 12 ].…”

“…This issue is exacerbated by the different resistance profiles of various strains of T. cruzi to currently available drugs, which in turn impacts their therapeutic efficacy [ 8 , 9 ]. Additionally, achieving therapeutic success with BZ is challenging due to difficulties in solubility in aqueous medium and low absorption after oral administration, which are attributed to the commercially available formulation and the drug itself [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Potential of Vestitol Isolated from Lyophilized Red Propolis

“…There are various approaches to assessing anti-T. cruzi in vitro [3,26]. For the screening of trypanocidal activity, samples were evaluated against epimastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi, which is considered highly pathogenic and partially resistant to conventional treatment with BZ [27,28].…”

“…Chagas disease (CD) was described by Carlos Chagas in 1909, and it is currently considered to be neglected by the World Health Organization [1,2]. Its etiologic agent is T. cruzi, a hemoflagellate protozoan that causes one of the main endemic diseases in Latin America [2,3]. This disease is endemic in 21 countries, affecting 6 million people, with an estimated 70 million people at risk of contracting the disease [4].…”

Synthesis, acaricidal activity, and structure–activity relationships of novel phenyl trifluoroethyl thioether derivatives containing substituted benzyl groups

“…Many compounds containing a benzylamine group possess a broad spectrum of biocidal activity; for example, benznidazole for treating chagas disease and trypanosomiasis, 21 and donepezil which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 22 . Furthermore, the benzylamine group has been used as an agrochemical in such compounds as acaricide tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, 23 as well as the fungicide diflumetorim 24 and the herbicide beflubutamid 25 …”