Tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphisms in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage

Association of tumor necrosis factor-α gene promoter polymorphisms (-308G/A, -238G/A) with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis

“…The TNF-␣ -308G/A, -238G/A genotype frequencies in controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all except 1 study [23]. Among these 12 studies, Daher et al [17] and Prigoshin et al [19] reported that only primary aborters were included in the cases; the other studies reported that both primary and secondary aborters were included in the cases [16,18,22,23] or did not clarify whether primary or secondary aborters were included [14,15,20,21,24,25], so both primary and secondary aborters were included in the cases of this meta-analysis. General characteristics and the TNF-␣ -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphism genotype distributions in the published studies included in this meta-analysis are presented in Tables 1 and 2.…”

“…Twelve studies [14 -25] fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 12 studies [14 -25] on the -308G/A polymorphism (including 1,380 cases and 1,595 controls) and 5 studies [15,[22][23][24][25] on the -238G/A polymorphism (including 884 cases and 912 controls) in the TNF-␣ gene. The TNF-␣ -308G/A, -238G/A genotype frequencies in controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all except 1 study [23].…”

Genetic variation in vascular endothelial growth factor gene and its association with recurrent spontaneous abortion

“…Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is one of the reproductive problems which affects approximately 1 % of couples trying to conceive (1,2). In literatures, several factors have been reported to contribute to RSA pathogenesis such as chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, endocrinopathies, women lifestyle like obesity, smoking and diet (3)(4)(5)(6). Despite of these records, etiology of RSA (up to 50 % of cases) remains undetermined and it is likely to be multifactorial (7).…”

Avaliação da taxa de metilação do DNA em região promotora e de vitaminas e citocinas em mulheres com história de abortos recorrentes

“…Já o aborto recorrente acomete 1% dos casais (Finan et al, 2010), e com frequência as mulheres afetadas por esta condição apresentam mais de um fator predisponente, além da não identificação de causa em quase metade dos casos (Matthiesen, Kalkunte e Sharma, 2012).…”

“…TNFα no aborto se dá, muito provavelmente, por atuar em células NK, cuja ativação pode levar a danos na placenta (Finan et al, 2010 (Wilczynski et al, 2012). A IL10 é uma citocina com propriedades antiinflamatórias, pois, durante a gravidez, age inibindo células T citotóxicas, existindo até mesmo a proposta de ser administrada para pacientes com gestação de alto risco (Matthiesen, Kalkunte e Sharma, 2012).…”