This chapter delves into the intricate art of surface modification of liposomes, a versatile group of nanocarriers renowned for their pivotal role in various fields, including drug delivery, diagnostics, and theranostics. Emphasising the significance of surface modification, this chapter outlines the methods employed to design liposomes with added functionalities, improved stability, and targeted delivery capabilities. The chapter offers a comprehensive overview of modern surface modification strategies from traditional conjugation chemistry to innovative bioinspired and biomimetic methods. Additionally, it meticulously examines the use of various ligands—including peptides, antibodies, proteins, and polymers—to embellish liposomal exteriors, thereby achieving enhanced biocompatibility, extended circulation times, and targeted delivery. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the implications of these surface modifications, highlighting how they influence the biological fate of liposomes, from cellular interactions to their behaviour in vivo. Through this exploration, the chapter aims to provide an extensive understanding of the current landscape and prospects of liposomal surface modification, fostering advancements in nanomedicine.