Tunable-Focus Liquid Lens through Charge Injection

Qian, Shizhi; Wenxiang, Shi; Zheng, Hao; Liu, Zhaohui

doi:10.3390/mi11010109

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The second example is a study by Qian et al (2020) , who achieved a displacement of a dielectric liquid (silicone) as a result of an electrostatic pressure generated via a corona charging of the liquid-air interface; whilst this approach allowed for a demonstration of a 3 mm-aperture lens with a focal length change from 10 to 30 mm at ∼6 kV, it was limited by the need for high driving voltages, which typically characterize any corona charging process.…”

Section: Fluid-based Tunable Lenses With Variable Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Tunable Lenses: A Review

et al. 2021

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Optical lenses with electrically controllable focal length are of growing interest, in order to reduce the complexity, size, weight, response time and power consumption of conventional focusing/zooming systems, based on glass lenses displaced by motors. They might become especially relevant for diverse robotic and machine vision-based devices, including cameras not only for portable consumer electronics (e.g. smart phones) and advanced optical instrumentation (e.g. microscopes, endoscopes, etc.), but also for emerging applications like small/micro-payload drones and wearable virtual/augmented-reality systems. This paper reviews the most widely studied strategies to obtain such varifocal “smart lenses”, which can electrically be tuned, either directly or via electro-mechanical or electro-thermal coupling. Only technologies that ensure controllable focusing of multi-chromatic light, with spatial continuity (i.e. continuous tunability) in wavefronts and focal lengths, as required for visible-range imaging, are considered. Both encapsulated fluid-based lenses and fully elastomeric lenses are reviewed, ranging from proof-of-concept prototypes to commercially available products. They are classified according to the focus-changing principles of operation, and they are described and compared in terms of advantages and drawbacks. This systematic overview should help to stimulate further developments in the field.

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Section: Fluid-based Tunable Lenses With Variable Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Tunable Lenses: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…weight through several approaches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Liquid-based lenses, with no moving elements, have been developed to achieve compact structures [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…weight through several approaches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Liquid-based lenses, with no moving elements, have been developed to achieve compact structures [1][2][3][4][5]. Even though the sizes of these lenses are small enough to be inserted into many tiny devices, they still exhibit some problems, such as leakage of liquid, gravity effect, and the demand for complex mechanical systems (hydraulic pumps, heating systems, electromagnets, and other mechanical systems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing and evaluation of electro- vari-focal/chromic lens

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Choi³

et al. 2021

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Constructing a compact, simple, lightweight, and universal tuneable lens is challenging. Therefore, this paper suggests a miniature electro-focus/chromic tuneable lens whose focal point and optical transmittance are independently controlled by electric power. The proposed lens uses plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) and electrochromic gels to change its curvature and its brightness according to various electric powers. Due to this effect, we can observe not only the variation of the lens's focal point but also the change of its transmittance. Moreover, as we removed the electric power, the shape of the proposed lens and its transmittance returned back to the initial condition. Through experimentation, the focal length of the proposed lens increased from 5 mm to 14.234 mm when the electric field input was increased, and the transmittance varied from 91.85% to 3.86% with increasing in electric current.

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“…(5) Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) (2 papers). Qian et al [11] proposed a simple and easily implemented method for achieving tunable-focus liquid lenses. By corona discharge in the air, electro-pressure with a magnitude of 10 Pa was generated at the interface between liquid silicone and air, and the resulting electro-pressure was utilized to tune liquid-lens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%