Tunable optical gratings based on buckled nanoscale thin films on transparent elastomeric substrates

Yu, Cunjiang; O’Brien, Kevin; Zhang, Yong-Hang; Yu, Hongbin; Jiang, Hanqing

doi:10.1063/1.3298744

Cited by 113 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When the shear force reaches through the thickness of the substrate, the whole structure will coil up. The highly perfect surface waves that can be made on PDMS 61 , 62 lend themselves to tunable diffraction gratings 63 and wavelength-tunable optically pumped lasers. 64 Stretching pre-formed waves, 11 , 31 , 65 meanders, 14 , 35 and spirals 54 develops smaller strains in the conductor than stretching inherently stretchable materials.…”

Section: Stretchable Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for stretchable electronics

2012

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Section: Stretchable Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for stretchable electronics

2012

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“…Based on these, numbers of potential applications have been exploited, such as electronic devices, sensors, hydrophobicity, elastomeric optics and actuators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. As one of the representative smart materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) could add extra values to the smart technologies with their programmable shape changing characteristics, high responsively to the stimuli, large deformation, as well as the intrinsic giant module switching between the glassy state and rubber state [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous biaxial pattern generation and autonomous wetting switching on the surface of gold/shape memory polystyrene bilayer

Liu

et al. 2017

Composites Part B: Engineering

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In this paper, shape memory effect induced initiation and evolution of surface patterns (wrinkles and cracks) were studied on the surface of gold/shape memory polystyrene (PS) bilayer, alongside with their impacts on autonomous surface wetting effects. Surface wrinkling was generated as a result of in-plane compression in the gold film where the thermal-induced shape memory effect occurred on the foundation layer.Cracks were generated on gold surface when the wrinkle pattern was further developed at a higher strain. The in-plane surface morphological bifurcation was observed when the crack patterns were developed perpendicular to the wrinkles direction, which is induced by biaxial stress transformation within the gold thin film because of the lateral Poisson's effect. The experimental mechanics investigations describe the relationships of the initiation/evolvement of surface morphology upon gold/shape memory PS bilayer with respects to various settings, such as the thicknesses of gold films, the applied strain on polymer layer, etc. The associated impact on surface wetting condition brought by the generated biaxial pattern on gold surface was studied. The water contact angle fluctuates within a narrow range according to the pre-strain for the samples after heating under the same plasma treatment times, which indicates that the biaxial pattern (cracks and wrinkles) in this paper have a little effect on the hydrophobicity of the gold film surface when the heated samples were treated by plasma for same times. After the surface plasma treatment, the surface hydrophilicity of the samples after post-annealing is significantly higher than that of the sample after deposition. And the contact angle decreases steadily as the air plasma treatment time is increased, the controllable surface hydrophobicity of gold coated PS bilayer can be achieved by tuning the plasma treatment time.

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“…Yu et al demonstrated that these periodic structures can in principle be used as diffraction gratings for spectroscopy. [ 27 ] Small periods can be obtained by making surface layers of softer material (smaller E f ) than the gold used by these authors. PDMS surfaces can be hardened gradually by controlled oxidation, which on stretched PDMS creates submicrometer period patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastically Tunable Self‐Organized Organic Lasers

et al. 2011

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Since the demonstration of lasing in organic solid-state thinfi lms, much effort has been devoted to this fi eld. [1][2][3][4] Organic lasers in general offer broad tuning ranges and only a few active materials are needed to cover the entire visible spectrum. [ 5,6 ] Electrically pumped organic lasing still remains the ultimate scientifi c goal, which is driving signifi cant work to address this challenge. [7][8][9][10] On the other hand, there are applications where optically pumped organic lasers might be favorable because they are easy to fabricate and require no elaborate device processing. In particular, organic lasers pumped by an inorganic laser diode, [ 11 ] or even a light emitting diode, [ 12,13 ] have recently received considerable attention. With reports of their use ranging from explosives detection [ 14,15 ] to lab-on-achip biospectroscopy, [ 16,17 ] organic lasers today address a broad scope of applications.A very compact setup of an organic laser is achieved using a distributed feedback (DFB) geometry. The period of the DFB resonator and the effective refractive index set the lasing wavelength.Therefore, there is the prospect that "soft" DFB lasers could be optically tuned on every spot of the surface simply by mechanical stretching. This feature would launch a wide range of novel applications. Aside from applications in biology, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry, other applications such as conformable sensitive optical skins for the monitoring of the structural health of civil infrastructure are imaginable.We present a fundamentally new approach to form DFB gratings on the surface of elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by self-organization. Hard skins compressed by their soft substrates exhibit wrinkles, whether as deposited fi lms [ 18 ] or as plasma-hardened surfaces [ 19 ] . Such wrinkles are common: they are created without order, vary in size and orientation, and contain defects and cracks. In contrast, we have achieved wrinkles so precisely periodic and parallel that they form sinusoidal DFB gratings. The DFB resonators have well-controlled periodicity, low dislocation density, and enable organic lasers with thresholds as low as 28 μ J cm − 2 . At the same time, uniaxially stretching the laser by 2.2% continuously tunes its emission wavelength from 633.6 nm to 638.3 nm (4.7 nm). Mechanically, the lasers can be stretched by about 10% and therefore they have a potential tuning range of up to 20 nm if mode-hopping can be avoided.We present how the gratings are prepared and how the organic gain medium is placed on top of the gratings. The characteristics of the resulting lasers will be shown fi rst in the relaxed state and then during stretching. We fi nish by placing our results in the context of earlier work and discuss the potential for further improvements.To fabricate self-organized gratings, the PDMS elastomer was prestretched, oxygen plasma treated to harden its surface, and then again relaxed. During relaxation of the PDMS its plasma-hardened skin was compressed and buckled to waves....

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Tunable optical gratings based on buckled nanoscale thin films on transparent elastomeric substrates

Cited by 113 publications

References 16 publications

Materials for stretchable electronics

Materials for stretchable electronics

Spontaneous biaxial pattern generation and autonomous wetting switching on the surface of gold/shape memory polystyrene bilayer

Elastically Tunable Self‐Organized Organic Lasers

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