Tunable photon-induced spatial modulation of free electrons

Tsesses, Shai; Dahan, Raphael; Wang, Kangpeng; Bucher, Tomer; Cohen, Kobi; Reinhardt, Ori; Bartal, Guy; Kaminer, Ido

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01449-1

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…We exemplify this procedure on plasmonic standing waves with hexagonal geometry (Fig. 2C), which can be measured in PINEM experiments ( 23 ). We choose this example as it presents a physical field with varying field strengths and oscillating phase and define the ∣ g s ∣ as the average ∣ g ∣ over the entire image.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PINEM is an imaging technique relying on the inelastic scattering of free electrons from illuminated structures to reconstruct nearfield amplitudes on the nanoscale with potentially subnanometer (10) and subpicosecond (11) spatiotemporal resolutions. Beyond the time-resolved imaging of field dynamics (12), PINEM enables a plethora of additional abilities (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) such as detecting quantum emitter decoherence (19), reconstructing the quantum state of free electrons (20), generating attosecond electron bunches (21), and performing free-electron wavefront shaping (22,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when used for imaging, PINEM extracts only the amplitude of the nearfield without any information about its phase and routinely neglects the inherent nonlinear connection between the nearfield and electron distributions ( 13 , 14 , 23 ). Therefore, it is clear that a large amount of latent information still exists in PINEM and can be exploited for the efficient electromagnetic investigation of nanoscale objects including weakly interacting ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) ( 29 , 30 ). FERI also enables ambiguity-immune phase-resolved nearfield imaging, requiring no prior knowledge regarding the sample, which we demonstrate by simulating the interaction of electrons with a hexagonal array of plasmonic vortices ( 23 , 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields

Bucher,

Ruimy,

Tsesses

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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The complex range of interactions between electrons and electromagnetic fields gave rise to countless scientific and technological advances. A prime example is photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM), enabling the detection of confined electric fields in illuminated nanostructures with unprecedented spatial resolution. However, PINEM is limited by its dependence on strong fields, making it unsuitable for sensitive samples, and its inability to resolve complex phasor information. Here, we leverage the nonlinear, overconstrained nature of PINEM to present an algorithmic microscopy approach, achieving far superior nearfield imaging capabilities. Our algorithm relies on free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry to produce orders-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity and ambiguity-immune nearfield phase reconstruction, both of which are optimal when the electron exhibits a fully quantum behavior. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining algorithmic approaches with state-of-the-art modalities in electron microscopy and may lead to various applications from imaging sensitive biological samples to performing full-field tomography of confined light.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields

Bucher,

Ruimy,

Tsesses

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

Self Cite

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“…Similarly, Fig. 2B depicts OAM-resolved EEL processes, where OAM state generators (35)(36)(37)(38) and sorters (39,40) perform selection of initial and final vortex states with well-defined OAM. An expanded discussion of experimental considerations concerning phase-shaped EELS measurements is provided in the Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical polarization analogs in inelastic free-electron scattering

Bourgeois,

Nixon,

Chalifour

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Advances in the ability to manipulate free-electron phase profiles within the electron microscope have spurred development of quantum-mechanical descriptions of electron energy loss (EEL) processes involving transitions between phase-shaped transverse states. Here, we elucidate an underlying connection between two ostensibly distinct optical polarization analogs identified in EEL experiments as manifestations of the same conserved scattering flux. Our work introduces a procedure for probing general tensorial target characteristics including global mode symmetries and local polarization.

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Observation of a Plasmonic Vortex Lattice Crystallization

Sahoo,

Yaroshevsky,

Gorodetski

2024

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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The concept of the crystallization of a plasmonic vortex lattice (PVL), which is achieved through multiple beam interferences, has been experimentally demonstrated and theoretically investigated. The generation of these ordered sets involves the interference of six plasmonic sources with spin-dependent spiral phases that arise from the interaction between circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and chiral metallic structures. The described components are instrumental in vortex generation and lattice formation. We observed a gradual crystallization of PVL through a quantized process influenced by the array size and its topological properties. It is characterized by the order parameter that was defined in analogy to nematic crystals. We demonstrate the remarkable topological adaptability of the PVL lattices, along with their resilience to perturbations. This underscores their potential for diverse applications in optical communication and data storage.

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Tunable photon-induced spatial modulation of free electrons

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields

Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields

Optical polarization analogs in inelastic free-electron scattering

Observation of a Plasmonic Vortex Lattice Crystallization

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