“…A series of papers on tungstate-bronze-based ceramics explored: their ability to simultaneously trap Cs + , Sr 2+ , and lanthanide ions; their performance as composite materials; and alternative fabrication methods. [177][178][179] These studies found that tungstate-bronze-based materials effectively immobilize Cs + ions, that they exhibit decreased durability with respect to Sr 2+ ions in acidic conditions, may achieve simultaneous trapping of lanthanides with unaffected leaching characteristics, and show a high tolerance for the inclusion of other oxides. 177,179 Composites, consisting of molybdenum-doped hexagonal tungstate bronze (MoW-HTB) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), display excellent leach resistance, which matched or surpassed those of saturated powder phases and a titanate reference material.…”