Tungsten oxide zirconia as solid superacid catalyst for esterification of waste acid oil (dark oil)

Park, Young Moo; Chung, Sang Ho; Eom, Hee Jun; Lee, Jin Suk; Lee, Kwan Young

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.109

Cited by 100 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This catalyst was also compared to Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 ; however, the yields were 80%. Park et al (2010) stated that the optimum reaction conditions for tungsten oxide zirconia transesterification with a FFA conversion of 96 % were 20 wt. % WO 3 /ZrO 2 at 150p C, 0.4 g/ml (oil), 9:1 (alcohol to oil, molar ratio) and 2 h reaction time.…”

Section: Precipitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

264

158

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Section: Precipitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

264

158

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“…In addition, the process eliminates the formation of soap encountered in the homogeneous processes. Several examples of the heterogeneous catalysts that have been investigated are metal oxides [10][11], zeolites [12][13] and active metals loaded on supports [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Coconut Oil Using Dimethyl Carbonate and TiO2/SiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst

Pandiangan

Simanjuntak

2013

Indones. J. Chem.

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“…It was shown that critical reaction conditions were needed if the catalyst amount was low. WO 3 /ZrO 2 was investigated for its high conversion of 96% consuming the catalyst amount of 20 wt% at the reaction temperature of 150 ı C (Park et al, 2010) .The proper amount of catalysts has rarely been discussed in earlier studies. Therefore, choosing 5 wt% amount of catalysts is reasonable for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Amount On Conversion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Activity and Stability of a CaMgZn Oxide Catalyst for Biodiesel Transesterification from Chinese Spicehush Oil

Xing

et al. 2014

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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The metal oxide catalyst with Ca:Mg:Zn molar ratio of 2:1:7 showed optimum performance. The catalyst was characterized by using techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. It was also tested under various reaction conditions. The mixed oxide catalysts considering specific reaction parameters were characterized through biodiesel transesterification from Chinese Spicehush oil. The CaMgZn oxide catalyst could present high efficiency under the conditions of catalyst amount 5 wt%, molar ratio of methanol to oil 12, reaction time 2 h, and reaction temperature 65 ı C. Moreover, seven cycles of the reaction with reused catalysts were tested to evaluate its stability.

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Tungsten oxide zirconia as solid superacid catalyst for esterification of waste acid oil (dark oil)

Cited by 100 publications

References 27 publications

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Transesterification of Coconut Oil Using Dimethyl Carbonate and TiO2/SiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst

An Evaluation of the Activity and Stability of a CaMgZn Oxide Catalyst for Biodiesel Transesterification from Chinese Spicehush Oil

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