“…Subsequently, encountering ground conditions different from the TBM's working envelope, affect the achieved tunnelling rate [21] and can give rise to claims. Thus, the model considers the geological setting to be the most dominant factor for the TBM performance, as many researchers have also noted [22,8,10], and all possible problems and downtime are a direct effect of the geotechnical conditions. The selection of the parameters used in the model was made having in mind their capability to credibly represent the ground behaviour, hydrogeological environment and site-specific conditions [23].…”