Turbine Speed Control

Abstract

Provides analysis of hydraulic turbine control systems existing in the world and domestic practice. The design features of constructing circuits with discrete and discrete-analog control methods are considered. The schemes for controlling the speed of the turbine of the leading manufacturers of hydraulic turbine equipment are given: PO "LMZ" and ALSTOM POWER HYDRO (France, Grenoble). The given computer system of hydraulic turbine speed control guarantees trouble-free operation in case of load deviation and power failures. A fully automatic method of controlling the hydraulic unit is possible, in which the computer system controls the turbine independently, based on the parameters of the hydraulic unit operation taken into account by the sensors, in accordance with the program of the control computer. The control system constantly monitors the operation of the hydraulic turbine, adjusts its speed according to the load, performs adequate control operations. The analysis of the operation of the circuits is carried out, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the regulation system. A mathematical model of the hydromechanical part of the regulator is considered for assessing the quality indicators of transient processes occurring in the process of starting, stopping and reversing a hydraulic turbine. It is shown that the development of theory and design methods using both approaches, mathematical models and control algorithms aimed at increasing the positioning accuracy and reliability of hydropneumatic systems with a possible simplification of circuit solutions is an important task aimed at obtaining a significant economic effect when solving this most important problem. The results obtained prove that the use of a positional hydraulicpneumatic drive for building a hydraulic turbine speed control system with discrete and discrete-analogue control makes it possible to synthesize a hydraulic pneumatic drive with high positioning accuracy, without the use of expensive hydraulic valves with proportional control.