Turning adversity into opportunity: Small extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers for tumor‐associated macrophages re‐education

Meneses, Dario Donoso; Figueroa‐Valdés, Aliosha I.; Georges, Nicolás; Tobar, Hugo E.; Alcayaga‐Miranda, Francisca

doi:10.1002/btm2.10349

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…TAMs were divided into two phenotypes: tumor-suppressing M1 macrophages and tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. In general, TME promotes the functionality of TAMs into M2 phenotypes, and M2 macrophages produce immunosuppressive cytokines to facilitate tumor progression ( 145 ). In contrast, M1 macrophages are activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in tumor suppression ( 146 ).…”

Section: Exos As Drug Delivery Carrier For Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2023

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Exosomes (Exos) as drug delivery vehicles have been widely used for cancer immunotherapy owing to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity. Some Exos-based cancer immunotherapy strategies such as tuning of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockades, and cancer vaccines have also been investigated in recent years, which all showed excellent therapeutic effects for malignant tumor. Furthermore, some Exos-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer immunotherapy have also undergone clinic trails, indicating that Exos are a promising drug delivery carrier. In this review, in order to promote the development of Exos-based DDSs in cancer immunotherapy, the biogenesis and composition of Exos, and Exos as drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy are summarized. Meanwhile, their clinical translation and challenges are also discussed. We hope this review will provide a good guidance for Exos as drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy.

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Section: Exos As Drug Delivery Carrier For Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2023

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“…This immunological effect mediated by macrophages after sEVs injection is widely described in the literature since the significant clearance of sEVs in systemic circulation occurs through these myeloid cells [ 17 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Peyer’s patches (PPs) are subepithelial lymphoid follicles present in the intestine greatly enriched in innate and adaptive immune cells [ 53 ].…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Mediators For Sevs Uptake After Oral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2023

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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have burst into biomedicine as a natural therapeutic alternative for different diseases. Considered nanocarriers of biological origin, various studies have demonstrated the feasibility of their systemic administration, even with repeated doses. However, despite being the preferred route of physicians and patients, little is known about the clinical use of sEVs in oral administration. Different reports show that sEVs can resist the degradative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, accumulating regionally in the intestine, where they are absorbed for systemic biodistribution. Notably, observations demonstrate the efficacy of using sEVs as a nanocarrier system for a therapeutic payload to obtain a desired biological (therapeutic) effect. From another perspective, the information to date indicates that food-derived vesicles (FDVs) could be considered future nutraceutical agents since they contain or even overexpress different nutritional compounds of the foods from which they are derived, with potential effects on human health. In this review, we present and critically analyze the current information on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of sEVs when administered orally. We also address the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote intestinal absorption and that command the therapeutic effects that have been observed. Finally, we analyze the potential nutraceutical impact that FDVs would have on human health and how their oral use could be an emerging strategy to balance nutrition in people.

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“…Cell membranes-derived exosomes (also called as small extracellular vesicles) can also be used as nanomaterials for immunotherapy. Dario et al have indicated that these exosomes can be significantly uptaken by macrophages, which means that this class of nanocarrier has a certain potential for TAMs targeting 124 . Hence, the application of exosomes as nanocarriers of TAMs reprogramming molecules can effectively repolarize an immunostimulatory M1-phenotype.…”

Section: Rational Design Of Tams-focused Functional Nanomedicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy

Xiao¹,

Wang

Liang³

et al. 2022

Theranostics

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Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. Even so, most TAMs-targeting agents still cannot cover up their own shortcomings as free drugs. The emergence of multifunctional nanomaterials can expectedly endow these therapeutic cargoes with high solubility, favorable pharmacokinetic distribution, cell-specific delivery, and controlled release. Here, the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunosuppression caused by TAMs are first emphatically elucidated, and then the basic design of TAMs-focused immune-nanomedicines are discussed, mainly including diverse categories of nanomaterials, targeted and stimulus-responsive modifications, and TAM imaging in nanomedicines. A summary of current TAMs-targeting immunotherapeutic mechanisms based on functional nanomedicines for TAMs elimination and/or repolarization is further presented. Lastly, some severe challenges related to functional nanomedicines for TAMs-focused cancer immunotherapy are proposed, and some feasible perspectives on clinical translation of TAMs-associated anticancer immunonanomedicines are provided. It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment.

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Turning adversity into opportunity: Small extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers for tumor‐associated macrophages re‐education

Cited by 7 publications

References 220 publications

Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy

Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy

Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy

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