Twenty-Four Centrifuge Tests to Quantify Sensitivity of Lateral Spreading to Dr and PGA

Kutter, Bruce L.; Carey, Trevor J.; Zheng, Baolong; Gavras, Andreas G.; Stone, Nicholas; Zeghal, Mourad; Abdoun, Tarek; Korre, Evangelia; Manzari, Majid T.; Madabhushi, Gopal; Haigh, Stuart; Madabhushi, Spg; Okamura, Mitsu; Sjafuddin, Asri Nurani; Escoffier, Sandra; Kim, Dong Soo; Kim, Seong Nam; Ha, Jeong Gon; Tobita, Tetsuo; Yatsugi, Hikaru; Ueda, Kyohei; Vargas, Ruben R.; Hung, Wen Yi; Liao, Ting; Zhou, Yang; Li, Kai

doi:10.1061/9780784481486.040

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4.13 Two views of the correlation between the median displacement of the two central surface markers (UÂ2 mm, prototype scale), PGA eff (g), and relative density determined from q c (2 m). This result is for Case 1/6 in Table 4.3 and was also presented by Kutter et al (2018a). An excellent coefficient of correlation R 2 ¼ 0.846 is obtained variability in the sensitivities obtained by these methods, it is believed that the sensitivities are consistent enough to claim that the results are statistically significant.…”

Section: Correlations Between Displacement D R and Imssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…4.18 when CAV 5 is used in place of PGA eff as the IM. As was concluded by Kutter et al (2018a), the R 2 value is best when IM ¼ PGA eff and when relative density is based on the cone measurements. However, the correlation of the duration of liquefaction at P4 to CAV 5 is also very good.…”

Section: Correlations Between Excess Pore Pressures D R and Imsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…With the outliers excluded, the coefficient of correlation R 2 ¼ 0.846, indicating that 84.6% of the variation between these results could be explained by the two variables PGA eff and D r (q c (2 m)). Kutter et al (2018a) also presented surface fits through using the same fitting function but for all 19 points without excluding outliers. Inclusion of the outliers reduced the correlation coefficient considerably to R 2 ¼ 0.578.…”

Section: Pore Pressure Response Of Soil Layers In First Destructive Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13, reproduced fromKutter et al (2018a), shows two views of 3D plots of correlations between the observed displacement from the average of the two central surface markers (Ux2 in units of mm) as a function of relative density from cone penetration resistance (D r (q c (2 m))) and PGA eff for 16 of the 19 tests that provided this information. All of the available data for the 24 tests used as a data source are listed in…”

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confidence: 99%

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LEAP-UCD-2017 Comparison of Centrifuge Test Results

Kutter

Carey

Stone

et al. 2019

Model Tests and Numerical Simulations of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading

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This paper compares experimental results from every facility for LEAP-UCD-2017. The specified experiment consisted of a submerged medium-dense clean sand with a 5-degree slope subjected to 1 Hz ramped sine wave base motion in a rigid container. The ground motions and soil density were intentionally varied from experiment to experiment in hopes of defining the slope of the relational trend between response (e.g., displacement, pore pressure), intensity of shaking, and density or relative density. This paper is also intended to serve as a useful starting point for overview of the experimental results and to help others find specific experiments if they want to select a subset for further analysis. The results of the experiments show significant differences between each other, but the responses show a significant correlation, R 2~0 .7-0.8, to the known variation of the input parameters.

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Section: Correlations Between Displacement D R and Imssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Correlations Between Excess Pore Pressures D R and Imsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Pore Pressure Response Of Soil Layers In First Destructive Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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LEAP-UCD-2017 Comparison of Centrifuge Test Results

Kutter

Carey

Stone

et al. 2019

Model Tests and Numerical Simulations of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading

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“…The sand was deposited through pluviation in a level rigid container to achieve a range of mass densities (with a reference mean value of 1652 kg/m 3 ). The corresponding relative densities varied from about 50 to 85% (evaluated using the minimal and maximal densities reported by Kutter et al (2018Kutter et al ( , 2019, as displayed in Fig. 7.2).…”

Section: Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Difference and Sensitivity Analyses of the LEAP-2017 Experiments

Goswami

Zeghal

Kutter

et al. 2019

Model Tests and Numerical Simulations of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading

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The experimental results of LEAP (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects) centrifuge test replicas of a saturated sloping deposit are used to assess the sensitivity of soil accelerations to variability in input motion and soil deposition. A difference metric is used to quantify the dissimilarities between recorded acceleration time histories. This metric is uniquely decomposed in terms of four difference component measures associated with phase, frequency shift, amplitude at 1 Hz, and amplitude of frequency components higher than 2 Hz (2 + Hz). The sensitivity of the deposit response accelerations to differences in input motion amplitude at 1 Hz and 2 + Hz and cone penetration resistance (used as a measure reflecting soil deposition and initial grain packing condition) was obtained using a Gaussian process-based kriging. These accelerations were found to be more sensitive to variations in cone penetration resistance values than to the amplitude of the input motion 1 Hz and 2 + Hz (frequency) components. The sensitivity functions associated with this resistance parameter were found to be substantially nonlinear. 132 N. Goswami et al.

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Investigation of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading of gently sloping grounds using a variable permeability model

Malekmakan

Shahir

Ayoubi

2021

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading takes place on gently sloping grounds due to the liquefaction of sand layers during an earthquake. This phenomenon had catastrophic effects in past events such as the 1964 Niigata, Japan earthquake. In this study, a recently proposed variable permeability function along with a critical state two‐surface plasticity model is employed in a fully‐coupled dynamic numerical model to simulate the lateral spreading. The variable permeability function is re‐calibrated such that the numerical model is able to simulate lateral spreading in a more realistic way compared to the experimental records. By means of six centrifuge experiments for verification, it is shown that the current numerical model is properly capable to capture the underlying physics of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading. Using the calibrated model, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted and the results are used to develop a practical correlation to estimate the lateral displacement of a liquefied gently sloped ground.

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Twenty-Four Centrifuge Tests to Quantify Sensitivity of Lateral Spreading to Dr and PGA

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

LEAP-UCD-2017 Comparison of Centrifuge Test Results

LEAP-UCD-2017 Comparison of Centrifuge Test Results

Difference and Sensitivity Analyses of the LEAP-2017 Experiments

Investigation of liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading of gently sloping grounds using a variable permeability model

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