Twenty-six week toxicity study with KASAL® (basic sodium aluminum phosphate) in beagle dogs

Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects

“…Similarly, no effect on organ weight nor histological changes were found in the hearts of rats that ingested 133 or 284 mg Al/kg/day as Al nitrate in drinking water or base diet for 30 days (Gomez et al, 1986) or 100 days, respectively (Domingo et al, 1987). Organ weight and histological changes were not observed in the hearts of dogs that consumed 75 mg Al/kg/day (Katz et al, 1984) or 88 mg Al/kg/day (Pettersen et al, 1990) as sodium Al phosphate in the diet for 6 months. In summary, cardiovascular effects due to toxicosis are congenital heart defects, inflammation and dysfunction of the myocardium and cardiovascular thrombosis.…”

“…In rats loaded with Al, heme dyshomeostasis was reported with evidence of decreased activity of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and increased activity of heme oxygenase in the rat liver associated with activation of JNK pathway, indicating an increase in heme degradation (Lin et al, 2013). No alterations in hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte osmotic fragility were reported in a number of experimental Al exposures (Katz et al, 1984;Gomez et al, 1986;Domingo et al, 1987;Pettersen et al, 1990;Oteiza et al, 1993b;Garbossa et al, 1996). Vittori et al (1999) did not find significant alterations in plasma iron levels or total iron binding capacity in rats exposed to 230 mg Al/kg/day as Al citrate in drinking water for 8 months; however, they reported impaired iron uptake and decreased iron incorporation into heme in the bone marrow.…”

Aluminum bioavailability from basic sodium aluminum phosphate, an approved food additive emulsifying agent, incorporated in cheese

“…Other than a significant increase of serum sodium, no significant effects were seen in bone Al, gross autopsy, histopathology, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry or organ weight. A study was conducted in dogs fed diets containing KASAL that produced daily mean Al intakes of ~ 10, 25, or 78 mg Al/kg for 26 weeks, compared to a control diet delivering 4 mg Al/kg/day (Pettersen et al, 1990). The highest dose of Kasal resulted in a sharp, 1.5 week decrease in food consumption and body weight in males, a decrease in testis weight, seminiferous tubule germinal cell degeneration and atrophy, hepatocyte vacuolation, and tubular-glomerularnephritis.…”

Safety of aluminium from dietary intake ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC)

“…No effects were seen in females. These dietary concentrations were equal to average doses of 4, 10, 27 or 75 and 3, 10, 22 or 80 mg Al/kg bw per day for male and female dogs, respectively suggesting a NOAEL of 27 mg Al/kg bw in male dogs (Pettersen et al, 1990). Pettersen et al, 1990 * Not clear that aluminium content of feed has been taken into account a KASAL is a synonym for SALP basic, which is a mixture of 70% of a complex of SALP and 30% of disodium phosphate.…”