Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp tions may still cause significant problems. 5 Moreover, the longterm results of the 3 types of SJM prosthesis have not yet been reported or compared in Japanese patients. In particular, the differences in the rates of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in various age groups of patients implanted with SJM valves are not currently well described in the literature. We herein analyzed >25 years of clinical experience with SJM valves in order to evaluate the reliability of these secondgeneration bi-leaflet valves in Japanese patients, based on prosthesis model and patient age.
MethodsThis study involved human subjects and was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Kyushu University. Two hundred and sixty-six patients underwent AVR with SJM prostheses between November 1981 and December 2014. Among these patients, 26 patients who underwent aortic root replacement (Bentall operation) were excluded to ensure simplicity of analysis. Therefore, a total of 240 patients implanted with aortic SJM prostheses were included in this study. We divided all patients into 2 groups: younger (<65 years old, n=157) and older (≥65 years old, n=83; Table 1). Mean he use of bioprostheses has been increasing along with improvements in durability, 1-4 but mechanical valves continue to be useful prostheses, especially for younger patients, due to their excellent long-term durability and low risk of reoperation. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate excellent hemodynamic performance associated with a low incidence of valve-related morbidity for St. Jude Medical (SJM; Minneapolis, MN, USA) mechanical prostheses. Therefore, at Kyushu University Hospital we have used 3 serial types of SJM bileaflet mechanical heart valve for aortic valve replacement (AVR) since 1981.The sewing ring in the original SJM standard (ST) model was modified, without changing the pivotal design or bloodcontact surface area, to produce the Hemodynamic Plus (HP) model, in which the bulk of the sewing ring has been reduced. The latest Regent (RE) model has a modified external profile that achieves a larger geometric orifice area. This modification allows for the implantation of a larger device, approximately 1.5 sizes larger than the original ST model.Although SJM mechanical prostheses implanted in relatively younger patients are, in general, expected to be reliable and durable, without the need for additional surgery in the long term (>25 years after surgery), anti-coagulation-related complica-
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