Two Bariatric Surgical Procedures Differentially Alter the Intestinal Microbiota in Obesity Patients

Chen, L.; Zhuang, Jingshen; Cui, Qianwen; Jiang, Shuwen; Wei, Tao; Chen, Wanqun; Yu, Shuqing; Wu, Lina; Yang, Wah; Liu, Fucheng; Yang, Jingge; Wang, Cunchuan; Jia, Shiqi

doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04494-4

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…As biomarkers of the blepharitis group, Lactobacillus and Ralstonia were significantly more abundant in patients with blepharitis, as were some other genera such as Bacteroides, Akkermansia , and Bifidobacterium . Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are both popular gut probiotics that induce regulatory T cells and Akkermansia, Bacteroides , and Ralstonia are all common in gut microbiota ( 25 – 28 ). We hypothesized that they play a similar important role in the mucosal tissue on the ocular surface as that in the intestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Wang

Dou

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Purpose: To investigate the composition and diversity of the microbiota on the ocular surface of patients with blepharitis in northwestern China via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Methods: Thirty-seven patients with blepharitis divided into groups of anterior, posterior and mixed blepharitis and twenty healthy controls from northwestern China were enrolled in the study. Samples were collected from the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac of each participant. The V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA in each sample was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, and the differences in taxonomy and diversity among different groups were compared.Results: The composition of the ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis was similar to that of healthy subjects, but there were differences in the relative abundance of each bacterium. At the phylum level, the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Atribacteria were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). At the genus level, the abundances of Lactobacillus, Ralstonia, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Brevibacterium were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundances of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter were significantly lower in the blepharitis group (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The microbiota of anterior blepharitis was similar to that of mixed blepharitis but different from that of posterior blepharitis. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are biomarkers of posterior blepharitis, and Ralstonia is a biomarker of mixed blepharitis. There was no significant difference in the ocular surface microbiota between the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac with or without blepharitis.Conclusion: The ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis varied among different study groups, according to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The reason might be due to the participants being from different environments and having different lifestyles. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Ralstonia, and Bacteroides may play important roles in the pathogenesis of blepharitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Wang

Dou

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…Bariatric surgery promotes evident changes in the gut microbiota composition, which are involved in weight loss and maintenance after surgery [ 182 ]. Literature data are consistent about the increased richness and evenness of intestinal microbiota after laparoscopic RYGB and SG [ 183 ]. These surgeries are associated with an increase in Verrucomicrobia ( Akkermansia muciniphila ), Proteobacteria ( Hemophilus, Rothia, Aggregatibacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella ) and Gammaproteobacteria [ 182 , 184 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Bariatric Surgery On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the two predominant phyla in the gut microbiota both before and after surgery [ 183 ]. They are also the most active groups of bacteria in individuals with severe obesity, with no significant differences between pre- and post-surgery [ 186 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Bariatric Surgery On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this has not been confirmed in all human studies. Chen et al [ 183 ] observed a decrease in Bacteroidetes after RYGB and SG, while there were no differences in Firmicutes abundance; however, 57.14% of the genera that were altered after surgery belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. Ilhan et al [ 185 ] analyzed fecal samples of patients undergoing RYGB and noticed a difference between Firmicutes phylotypes.…”

Section: Effects Of Bariatric Surgery On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bariatric Surgery and Liver Disease: General Considerations and Role of the Gut–Liver Axis

et al. 2021

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Weight loss is a therapeutic solution for many metabolic disorders, such as obesity and its complications. Bariatric surgery aims to achieve lasting weight loss in all patients who have failed after multiple dietary attempts. Among its many benefits, it has been associated with the regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is often associated with obesity, with evidence of substantial improvement in tissue inflammation and fibrosis. These benefits are mediated not only by weight loss, but also by favorable changes in systemic inflammation and in the composition of the gut microbiota. Changes in microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), capable of acting as endocrine mediators, and bile acids (BAs) as well as modifications of the gut-brain axis, are among the involved mechanisms. However, not all bariatric surgeries show beneficial effects on the liver; those leading to malabsorption can cause liver failure or a marked worsening of fibrosis and the development of cirrhosis. Nevertheless, there are still many unclear aspects, including the extent of the benefits and the magnitude of the risks of bariatric surgery in cirrhotic patients. In addition, the usefulness and the safety of these procedures in patients who are candidates to or who have undergone liver transplant need solid supporting evidence. This paper aims to review literature data on the use of bariatric surgery in the setting of chronic liver disease.

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“…Unlike RYGB, VSG does not involve gastrointestinal reconfiguration so it can reasonably be assumed to have a different effect on BAT/BeAT thermogenesis. Indeed, while there is considerable overlap in terms of the physiological changes after both procedures (99), there are some noticeable differences such as their effects on the gut microbiota (100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105) which have reported roles in positively regulating BAT/BeAT thermogenesis (106)(107)(108)(109). In the first study addressing whether VSG enhances BAT thermogenesis, Baraboi et al (110) performed a comprehensive set of experiments on high-fat diet-induced obese VSG-operated and sham-operated as well as BWM sham-operated male Wistar rats including small-animal 18 F-Fluoro-6-thiaheptadecanoic acid ( 18 F-FTHA) and 11 Cacetate PET-CT imaging, which measure fatty acid utilization and mitochondrial beta oxidation, respectively, in conjunction with indirect calorimetry measurements (110).…”

Section: Vsg and Bat/beat Thermogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Bariatric Surgeries Enhance Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis?

Hankir

Seyfried

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Bariatric surgeries induce marked and durable weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity through powerful effects on both food intake and energy expenditure. While alterations in gut-brain communication are increasingly implicated in the improved eating behavior following bariatric surgeries, less is known about the mechanistic basis for energy expenditure changes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT) have emerged as major regulators of whole-body energy metabolism in humans as well as in rodents due to their ability to convert the chemical energy in circulating glucose and fatty acids into heat. In this Review, we critically discuss the steadily growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), the two most commonly performed bariatric surgeries, enhance BAT/BeAT thermogenesis. We address the documented mechanisms, highlight study limitations and finish by outlining unanswered questions in the subject. Further understanding how and to what extent bariatric surgeries enhance BAT/BeAT thermogenesis may not only aid in the development of improved obesity pharmacotherapies that safely and optimally target both sides of the energy balance equation, but also in the development of novel hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipidemia pharmacotherapies.

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Two Bariatric Surgical Procedures Differentially Alter the Intestinal Microbiota in Obesity Patients

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Bariatric Surgery and Liver Disease: General Considerations and Role of the Gut–Liver Axis

Do Bariatric Surgeries Enhance Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis?

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