Two Bone Substitutes Analyzedin Vitroby Porcine and Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells

Abstract

Nowadays, the repair of large bone defects is an important goal in orthopaedic and dental fields. Tissue engineering, applied to increase the bone regeneration process, combines suitable scaffolds with either terminally differentiated cells or Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. In vitro studies with Adipose-derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) may identify new bioactive supports, to be tested in preclinical model. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility and the osteoinductive properties of two bone substitutes, RegenOSS™ (RO-1) and a new generation scaffold (RO-2), on both porcine and human ASCs. Porcine ASCs need a prolonged initial phase to adapt to both substitutes; indeed, their growth was initially reduced respect to cells cultured in their absence. In contrast, human ASCs were not negatively affected. However, no toxicity of RO-1 and −2 was observed on both ASC populations which are able to stick to both biomaterials. RO-1 and −2 supported osteogenic differentiation of porcine and human ASCs in a different manner: the presence of RO-1 up-regulated both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen production of human ASCs, whereas in porcine ASCs, RO-2 seemed to up-regulate ALP activity, while the production of collagen is mainly stimulated by the presence of RO-1. We suggest to use not just human ASCs, but also animal ones to select suitable scaffolds to generate bio-constructs in vitro, which then need to be tested in animal model before reaching the market.

An Observational Prospective Clinical Study for the Evaluation of a Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold in Hip Revision Surgery

“…Among collagen-HA-based materials, RegenOss (Finceramica S.p.A., Faenza, Italy) is a three-dimensional composite biomimetic scaffold characterised by magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, nucleated into type I collagen fibres. RegenOss has previously shown its bone regenerative properties and safety profile, both in vitro [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] and in vivo preclinical [ 36 , 37 ] and clinical studies [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Therefore, driven by these encouraging published results, the present observational prospective study used RegenOss with different cup types in hip-revision procedures to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes up to 2 years post-surgery.…”

Design of biocomposite materials for bone tissue regeneration

“…Upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an osteoblast cell differentiation marker, and collagen production of human adipose-derived stromal cells is observed in this scaffold [31]. In vivo studies in sheep (Fig.…”